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Evaluation, Measurement and Verification of Energy Savings

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Energy Science and Technology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 February 2026 | Viewed by 520

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Dear Colleagues,

Assessing energy savings is a complex task due to the lack of direct measurement tools. Meters record consumption, but there is no direct way to measure savings. Instead, savings are estimated by comparing the projected consumption without efficiency improvements to the actual consumption after the interventions. This is not a strict before-and-after comparison but rather an evaluation that accounts for variables such as climate conditions, operational factors, and other influences on energy consumption.

The evaluation of long-term savings accounts for uncertainty in the economic parameter (interest and inflation) and in the energetic scenario (carbon factor of energy production); therefore, sensitivity analysis and different countries’ energy mixes play a crucial role in defining the best strategy for decarbonization through energy savings.

Dr. Filippo Busato
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • energy savings
  • measurement and verification
  • inflation rate
  • interest rate
  • payback
  • carbon emission factor

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

16 pages, 3675 KB  
Article
Energy Savings in Industrial Processes: The Influence of Electricity Emission Factor and Financial Parameters on the Evaluation of Long-Term Economics and Carbon Savings
by Filippo Busato and Marco Noro
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(22), 11852; https://doi.org/10.3390/app152211852 - 7 Nov 2025
Viewed by 360
Abstract
The assessment of energy savings is not a trivial matter, as we have direct meters for consumption, but not for the absence of consumption. Calculating a simple difference between consumption before and after the implementation of an energy saving measure is also an [...] Read more.
The assessment of energy savings is not a trivial matter, as we have direct meters for consumption, but not for the absence of consumption. Calculating a simple difference between consumption before and after the implementation of an energy saving measure is also an incomplete assessment. The only way to determine energy savings is to compare the consumption that would have occurred in the absence of the saving measure with the actual consumption, with reference to the same external conditions and the same period. This is what the international IPMVP® protocol establishes. This study, based on two case studies of industrial energy saving measures, explores the aspects of the calculation related to decarbonization and economic evaluation. In particular, sensitivity analyses of energy and economic indicators are carried out based on factors that evolve over time, such as the rate of inflation and discounting of investments and the variation in the carbon dioxide emission factor for electricity production. The main results highlight that the assumption of a constant electricity emission factor leads to an overestimation of the total CO2 savings from energy efficiency interventions that can be more than 40%. The uniqueness of this paper is the application of a standardized savings evaluation procedure (IPMVP®) in order to analyze the sensitivity of economic savings towards some key financial parameters, and the specific fitting of an electricity emission model to the Italian power sector in order to correct the carbon savings evaluation to the projected emission factor evolution. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Evaluation, Measurement and Verification of Energy Savings)
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