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Applied Sciences
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The Oral Microbiome in Periodontal Health and Disease
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The Oral Microbiome in Periodontal Health and Disease

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Applied Biosciences and Bioengineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 January 2025 | Viewed by 3662

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Davor Kuiš

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
2. Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31 000 Osijek, Croatia
Interests: periodontology; oral microbiome; dental biofilm; periodontal health; periodontal therapy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The oral microbiome is a community consisting of about 500 commensal, symbiotic and pathogenic bacterial species. A change in the balance of the oral microbiota leads to the development of oral diseases such as dental caries, and periodontal and peri-implant diseases and conditions. It is also associated with the development of systemic diseases, bacterial endocarditis, pneumonia and stroke.

Numerous research studies have focused on dental biofilm—from microbiology (in vitro and in vivo studies) to clinical practice (RCTs or other clinical trials)—but there remain various aspects of dental biofilm that have not been well investigated and explained.

This Special Issue will be focused on the oral microbiome in periodontal health and disease.

Prof. Dr. Davor Kuiš
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • dental biofilm
  • oral microbiome
  • periodontal health
  • periodontitis

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 1040 KiB  
Article
Does Exposure to Burning and Heated Tobacco Affect the Abundance of Perio-Pathogenic Species in the Subgingival Biofilm?
by Ivana Mišković, Davor Kuiš, Stjepan Špalj, Aleksandar Pupovac, Bojana Mohar-Vitezić and Jelena Prpić
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(11), 4824; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14114824 - 3 Jun 2024
Viewed by 982
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of tobacco exposure, specifically through heating and burning, on periodontopathogens in the subgingival microbiome among clinically healthy individuals and those diagnosed with periodontitis. The sample comprised 66 subjects (26–56 years, median 38 yrs; 64% females) classified as non-smokers, [...] Read more.
This study investigated the impact of tobacco exposure, specifically through heating and burning, on periodontopathogens in the subgingival microbiome among clinically healthy individuals and those diagnosed with periodontitis. The sample comprised 66 subjects (26–56 years, median 38 yrs; 64% females) classified as non-smokers, classic cigarette smokers, and tobacco heating system (THS) smokers (each N = 22). Full-mouth periodontal examination was performed, and 330 paper-point samples from periodontal pockets were collected. Next-generation sequencing of 16S rRNA genes was conducted to identify the composition of subgingival microbiome. Periodontitis prevalence among the groups was ranked as THS (41%) < non-smokers (44%) < cigarette smokers (68%), without statistically significant differences between the groups. The number of perio-pathogenic species was higher in subjects with periodontitis compared to those without (median 7 vs. 6 species; p = 0.005) but without significant differences between exposure groups: non-smokers (6) = smokers (6) < THS (6.5). When combining exposure and periodontal status, each smoker group had more perio-pathogenic species than non-smokers: non-smokers without periodontitis (5) < smokers without periodontitis (5.5) < THS without periodontitis (6); non-smokers with periodontitis (6.5) < THS with periodontitis (7) = smokers with periodontitis (7). Multiple linear regression indicated periodontitis as the sole predictor of perio-pathogenic species quantity, irrespective of the type of tobacco consumption, sex, age, or oral hygiene (R2 = 0.163; p = 0.005). In conclusion, the quantity of perio-pathogenic species in the subgingival microbiome was more influenced by periodontitis than by exposure to tobacco smoke, regardless of whether it was heated or burned. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Oral Microbiome in Periodontal Health and Disease)
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12 pages, 2964 KiB  
Article
Effect of Chlorhexidine Digluconate on Oral Bacteria Adhesion to Surfaces of Orthodontic Appliance Alloys
by Doria Gergeta, Matea Badnjevic, Ljerka Karleusa, Zeljka Maglica, Stjepan Spalj and Ivana Gobin
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(5), 2145; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14052145 - 4 Mar 2024
Viewed by 1249
Abstract
This study aimed to analyse the effect of chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX DG) mouthwash on the adhesion of oral bacteria to orthodontic appliances. The interactions of four bacteria (S. mutans, A. actinomycetemcomitans, S. oralis, and V. parvula) with two [...] Read more.
This study aimed to analyse the effect of chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX DG) mouthwash on the adhesion of oral bacteria to orthodontic appliances. The interactions of four bacteria (S. mutans, A. actinomycetemcomitans, S. oralis, and V. parvula) with two alloys (stainless steel [SS] and nickel-titanium [NiTi]) and three CHX DG solutions (commercial products Curasept and Perio Plus, and pure CHX DG, all with 0.12% active substance) were tested. The adhesive effect on the orthodontic wires was evaluated after 24 h for S. oralis and after 72 h for the other bacteria. The minimum bactericidal concentration of the solution for each bacterial strain was determined using the dilution method to test the antibacterial action. Salivary-pretreated orthodontic archwires were exposed to minimal bactericidal concentrations of solution and bacteria. Commercial antiseptic products, especially Perio Plus, showed a better inhibition of bacterial adhesion to both alloys than pure CHX DG solution (p < 0.05). A. actinomycetemcomitans was most inhibited in the adhesion of all bacteria by the CHX DG products. A greater inhibition of streptococci adherence was observed on SS, while that of A. actinomycetemcomitans was observed on NiTi. V. parvula inhibition was product-dependent. Although there were differences between the strains and the tested agents, it can be concluded that Perio Plus most effectively inhibited the adhesion of all tested bacteria to the SS and NiTi alloys. A. actinomycetemcomitans was most sensitive to all tested agents, while S. mutans showed the highest resistance. The effectiveness of the tested agents was better on NiTi alloys. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Oral Microbiome in Periodontal Health and Disease)
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Other

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15 pages, 424 KiB  
Systematic Review
Oral Microbiota in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review
by Sanne M. Pruntel, Lauren A. Leusenkamp, Egija Zaura, Arjan Vissink and Anita Visser
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(19), 8869; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14198869 - 2 Oct 2024
Viewed by 727
Abstract
Oral microorganisms have been found in the cerebral milieu, suggesting the involvement of oral microbiota in the onset and course of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) through mechanisms such as amyloid-beta accumulation, tau phosphorylation and neuroinflammation. It is still uncertain whether and which oral bacteria [...] Read more.
Oral microorganisms have been found in the cerebral milieu, suggesting the involvement of oral microbiota in the onset and course of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) through mechanisms such as amyloid-beta accumulation, tau phosphorylation and neuroinflammation. It is still uncertain whether and which oral bacteria are associated with AD. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to assess the current evidence for associations between oral microbiota and AD. A database search in Pubmed and Embase resulted in 623 hits. After removing duplicates, 437 papers remained. Of these, 13 papers passed the inclusion criteria and were included for quality/risk of bias assessment and data extraction. Analysis of these 13 studies revealed high heterogeneity in terms of sample size, age, study design and microbiological methods. Quality assessment using the MINORS criteria indicated reasonable to good quality across studies. As a result of the omission of two of the criteria, the quality results may have been biased. There is no conclusive evidence as to if and which oral microbiota are associated with AD since many conflicting results were reported. Although the overall quality of the studies was acceptable, the studies differed in study design and protocol. Further research is needed to clarify this association. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Oral Microbiome in Periodontal Health and Disease)
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