Molecular Characteristics and Genomic Epidemiology of Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria

A special issue of Antibiotics (ISSN 2079-6382).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2026 | Viewed by 1056

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Microbiological Diagnostics and Infectious Immunology, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Waszyngtona 15A, 15-269 Białystok, Poland
Interests: molecular microbiology; antimicrobial resistance; resistance mechanisms; Enterobacterales; last-line antimicrobials

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria represent one of the most pressing challenges in modern medicine. Their remarkable ability to acquire and disseminate resistance determinants—through both chromosomal mutations and horizontal gene transfer—has led to the global spread of high-risk clones across healthcare and community settings. Critical pathogens such as Enterobacterales and non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli are increasingly resistant to “last-resort” antibiotics, including carbapenems, polymyxins, and tigecycline. Understanding the molecular characteristics and genomic epidemiology of these organisms is essential for unraveling their adaptive mechanisms, tracking transmission dynamics, and identifying emerging resistance determinants. Integrating whole-genome sequencing, transcriptomic analyses, and molecular surveillance provides powerful tools to elucidate resistance evolution and guide effective infection control and antimicrobial stewardship strategies.

This Special Issue aims to highlight recent advances in the molecular and genomic understanding of MDR Gram-negative bacteria, emphasizing both clinical relevance and translational potential. It welcomes high-quality original research, review, and perspective articles.

Dr. Piotr Majewski
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria
  • antimicrobial resistance
  • whole-genome sequencing
  • molecular epidemiology
  • resistance mechanisms
  • horizontal gene transfer
  • infection control
  • antimicrobial stewardship

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

15 pages, 1801 KB  
Article
Genomic Epidemiology of Clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae in the Middle East and North Africa
by Hamid Reza Sodagari and Rima D. Shrestha
Antibiotics 2026, 15(4), 349; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics15040349 - 29 Mar 2026
Viewed by 766
Abstract
Background: Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative bacterium that is found in human microbiota and in diverse environments. This opportunistic pathogen exhibits a highly variable genetic background and is responsible for a broad range of hospital- and community-acquired, multidrug-resistant infections worldwide. To track [...] Read more.
Background: Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative bacterium that is found in human microbiota and in diverse environments. This opportunistic pathogen exhibits a highly variable genetic background and is responsible for a broad range of hospital- and community-acquired, multidrug-resistant infections worldwide. To track transmission pathways and understand genetic diversity, single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) clustering has become an essential tool. Methods: This study examines data from 2018 to 2024 in the NCBI Pathogen Detection database to determine the temporal and spatial distribution of SNP clusters in clinical K. pneumoniae across Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries. Results: Among 1858 isolates, a heterogeneous population structure was observed. Of the 478 identified SNP clusters, a few dominant clusters accounted for 37% of the isolates, and numerous low-frequency lineages were detected. The descriptive yearly snapshot revealed a diverse representation of top clusters. Geographical analysis showed the presence of both localized and limited cross-border distribution patterns. Countries with diverse clusters also exhibit higher diversity of carbapenem- and ESBL-resistant genes. Conclusions: These findings provide valuable insights into the dominant, regionally concentrated K. pneumoniae lineage across MENA countries, assisting future genomic surveillance and efforts to combat clinical K. pneumoniae infections in this region. Full article
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