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Antibiotics
Special Issues
Clinical Approach to Antibiotic Resistance: The Definitive Issue
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Clinical Approach to Antibiotic Resistance: The Definitive Issue

A special issue of Antibiotics (ISSN 2079-6382).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2021) | Viewed by 28304

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. George Panos

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases, University of Patras School of Medicine, Patras University General Hospital, Patras, Greece
Interests: infectious diseases; hospital infections; HIV/AIDS; hepatitides; tropical medicine

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

A Special Issue on “Clinical Approach to Antibiotic Resistance: The Definitive Issue” is under preparation by Antibiotics and this is a call for pertinent paper submissions.

Antibiotic resistance is a critical subject encountered daily in clinical practice. A comprehensive understanding of this topic requires a multidisciplinary approach. Hence, this thematic issue will present a global overview of antibiotic resistance and the management of multi-drug resistant (MDR) infections.

The aim is that the clinician who reads this issue, regardless of their prior level of knowledge or experience in battling multi-drug resistant (MDR) infections, will acquire all the necessary tools and understanding to be able to treat patients with MDR and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) infections. Consequently, the scope is to cover all aspects of antibiotic resistance and provide a basic understanding of its mechanisms, as well as an approach to the patient with MDR/XDR infections.

This issue will contain 13 articles with the following subjects:

  1. Epidemiology and burden of MDR infections
  2. Mechanisms of resistance against b-lactams: penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems
  3. Mechanisms of resistance against non b-lactams: vancomycin, clindamycin, linezolid, daptomycin, quinolones, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, polymyxins
  4. Mechanisms of resistance in important Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens
  5. Design of antibiotics to overcome specific mechanisms of resistance: past, present and future
  6. Antibiogram interpretation for efficient choice of antibiotics in difficult to treat Gram positive-and Gram-negative infections - Antibiotic choice based on the mechanism of resistance
  7. Treatment of infections due to MDR Gram-positive bacteria
  8. Treatment of infections due to MDR Gram-negative bacteria
  9. Novel antibiotics for hospital acquired MDR infections
  10. Old antibiotics for hospital acquired MDR infections
  11. Get the most with what you have: Optimizing PK/PD
  12. Augmentation of antibiotic effects through combinations
  13. When all else fails: approach to the pan-resistant antibiogram

This issue will be formatted as a“seminar”pertaining to the clinical approach to antibiotic resistance and will provide the readership a comprehensive guide to this complex and critical subject. It is intended for this issue to be used as a working tool for all clinicians facing MDR bacteria, such as internists, clinical microbiologists, clinical pharmacists, infectious disease fellows and specialists, and serve as an instrument to advance their understanding of antibiotic resistance and apply their knowledge to clinical practice.

Prof. Dr. George Panos
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antibiotics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Clinical approach
  • Antibiotic Resistance
  • Resistance Mechanisms
  • Antibiogram Interpretation
  • MDR bacteria
  • Novel and old antibiotics for MDR infections

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 5403 KiB  
Article
Population Pharmacokinetics Analysis of Amikacin Initial Dosing Regimen in Elderly Patients
by Hideo Kato, Suzanne L. Parker, Jason A. Roberts, Mao Hagihara, Nobuhiro Asai, Yuka Yamagishi, David L. Paterson and Hiroshige Mikamo
Antibiotics 2021, 10(2), 100; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10020100 - 20 Jan 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2758
Abstract
There are limited data of amikacin pharmacokinetics (PK) in the elderly population. Hence, we aimed to describe the population PK of amikacin in elderly patients (>70 years old) and to establish optimized initial dosing regimens. We simulated individual maximum concentrations in plasma (Cmax) [...] Read more.
There are limited data of amikacin pharmacokinetics (PK) in the elderly population. Hence, we aimed to describe the population PK of amikacin in elderly patients (>70 years old) and to establish optimized initial dosing regimens. We simulated individual maximum concentrations in plasma (Cmax) and minimal concentrations (Cmin) for several dosing regimens (200–2000 mg every 24, 48, and 72 h) for patients with creatinine clearance (CCr) of 10–90 mL/min and analyzed efficacy (Cmax/minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) ≥ 8) for MICs of 4, 8, and 16 mg/L and safety (Cmin < 4 mg/L). A one-compartment model best described the data. CCr was the only covariate associated with amikacin clearance. The population PK parameter estimates were 2.25 L/h for clearance and 18.0 L for volume of distribution. Dosing simulations recommended the dosing regimens (1800 mg) with dosing intervals ranging 48–72 h for patients with CCr of 40–90 mL/min based on achievement of both efficacy for the MIC of 8 mg/L and safety. None of the dosing regimens achieved the targets for an MIC of 16 mg/L. We recommend the initial dosing regimen using a nomogram based on CCr for an MIC of ≤8 mg/L in elderly patients with CCr of 40–90 mL/min. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Approach to Antibiotic Resistance: The Definitive Issue)
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Review

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25 pages, 909 KiB  
Review
Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance in Important Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Pathogens and Novel Antibiotic Solutions
by Loukas Kakoullis, Eleni Papachristodoulou, Paraskevi Chra and George Panos
Antibiotics 2021, 10(4), 415; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10040415 - 10 Apr 2021
Cited by 84 | Viewed by 24684
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant bacteria have on overwhelming impact on human health, as they cause over 670,000 infections and 33,000 deaths annually in the European Union alone. Of these, the vast majority of infections and deaths are caused by only a handful of species—multi-drug resistant Escherichia [...] Read more.
Multidrug-resistant bacteria have on overwhelming impact on human health, as they cause over 670,000 infections and 33,000 deaths annually in the European Union alone. Of these, the vast majority of infections and deaths are caused by only a handful of species—multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus spp., Acinetobacter spp. and Klebsiella pneumoniae. These pathogens employ a multitude of antibiotic resistance mechanisms, such as the production of antibiotic deactivating enzymes, changes in antibiotic targets, or a reduction of intracellular antibiotic concentration, which render them insusceptible to multiple antibiotics. The purpose of this review is to summarize in a clinical manner the resistance mechanisms of each of these 6 pathogens, as well as the mechanisms of recently developed antibiotics designed to overcome them. Through a basic understanding of the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance, the clinician can better comprehend and predict resistance patterns even to antibiotics not reported on the antibiogram and can subsequently select the most appropriate antibiotic for the pathogen in question. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Approach to Antibiotic Resistance: The Definitive Issue)
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