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Antibiotics
Special Issues
Pathogenic and Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria in Gut Microbiota
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Pathogenic and Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria in Gut Microbiota

A special issue of Antibiotics (ISSN 2079-6382). This special issue belongs to the section "Antibiotics Use and Antimicrobial Stewardship".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 July 2025 | Viewed by 3231

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Bing-Mu Hsu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Taiwan
Interests: environmental microbiology; geomicrobiology; microbial pathogens
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The Special Issue aims to delve into the intricate dynamics, mechanisms, and implications of pathogenic and antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains within the complex milieu of the gut microbiota. Concentrating on the human gastrointestinal tract and other pertinent host organisms, this Special Issue seeks to explore the diversity, interactions, and functional roles of these bacteria in health and disease.

Within this interdisciplinary collection, we invite studies that investigate the prevalence, transmission dynamics, and genetic determinants influencing the emergence and persistence of pathogenic and antibiotic-resistant strains within the gut microbiome. Moreover, we strongly encourage research that elucidates the interplay between these bacterial populations, host immune responses, and therapeutic interventions.

Contributions may encompass novel insights into diagnostic methodologies, therapeutic strategies, and ecological factors shaping the behavior of these bacteria within the gut ecosystem. Our goal is to compile comprehensive knowledge that informs public health strategies, antibiotic stewardship, and innovative interventions mitigating the impact of these pathogenic and antibiotic-resistant bacteria on human and animal health.

Dr. Bing-Mu Hsu
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antibiotics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • gut microbiota
  • pathogenic bacteria
  • antibiotic resistance
  • gastrointestinal tract
  • microbiome dynamics
  • host–pathogen interactions
  • transmission dynamics
  • therapeutic interventions
  • antibiotic stewardship
  • public health strategies

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

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23 pages, 4007 KiB  
Review
Exploring the Impact of Chemotherapy on the Emergence of Antibiotic Resistance in the Gut Microbiota of Colorectal Cancer Patients
by Mutebi John Kenneth, Chin-Chia Wu, Chuan-Yin Fang, Tsui-Kang Hsu, I-Ching Lin, Shih-Wei Huang, Yi-Chou Chiu and Bing-Mu Hsu
Antibiotics 2025, 14(3), 264; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics14030264 - 5 Mar 2025
Viewed by 1436
Abstract
With nearly half of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients diagnosed at advanced stages where surgery alone is insufficient, chemotherapy remains a cornerstone for this cancer treatment. To prevent infections and improve outcomes, antibiotics are often co-administered. However, chemotherapeutic interactions with the gut microbiota cause [...] Read more.
With nearly half of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients diagnosed at advanced stages where surgery alone is insufficient, chemotherapy remains a cornerstone for this cancer treatment. To prevent infections and improve outcomes, antibiotics are often co-administered. However, chemotherapeutic interactions with the gut microbiota cause significant non-selective toxicity, affecting not only tumor and normal epithelial cells but also the gut microbiota. This toxicity triggers the bacterial SOS response and loss of microbial diversity, leading to bacterial mutations and dysbiosis. Consequently, pathogenic overgrowth and systemic infections increase, necessitating broad-spectrum antibiotics intervention. This review underscores how prolonged antibiotic use during chemotherapy, combined with chemotherapy-induced bacterial mutations, creates selective pressures that drive de novo antimicrobial resistance (AMR), allowing resistant bacteria to dominate the gut. This compromises the treatment efficacy and elevates the mortality risk. Restoring gut microbial diversity may mitigate chemotherapy-induced toxicity and improve therapeutic outcomes, and emerging strategies, such as fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), probiotics, and prebiotics, show considerable promise. Given the global threat posed by antibiotic resistance to cancer treatment, prioritizing antimicrobial stewardship is essential for optimizing antibiotic use and preventing resistance in CRC patients undergoing chemotherapy. Future research should aim to minimize chemotherapy’s impact on the gut microbiota and develop targeted interventions to restore microbial diversity affected during chemotherapy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pathogenic and Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria in Gut Microbiota)
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11 pages, 876 KiB  
Systematic Review
The Effect of Antibiotics on the Eradication of Multidrug-Resistant Organisms in Intestinal Carriers—A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis
by Maja Johanne Søndergaard Knudsen, Ingrid Maria Cecilia Rubin and Andreas Munk Petersen
Antibiotics 2024, 13(8), 747; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13080747 - 9 Aug 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1263
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the effect of antibiotics on the eradication of multidrug-resistant organisms (MRO) in intestinal carriers. We defined multidrug-resistant organisms as vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREfm), and multidrug-resistant Gram-negative Enterobacterales. Methods: We searched the EMBASE, Cochrane [...] Read more.
Objectives: The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the effect of antibiotics on the eradication of multidrug-resistant organisms (MRO) in intestinal carriers. We defined multidrug-resistant organisms as vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREfm), and multidrug-resistant Gram-negative Enterobacterales. Methods: We searched the EMBASE, Cochrane Central, and PubMed databases from inception to medio November 2023. We included randomised and controlled clinical trials (RCTs), that investigated the effect of antibiotics on the eradication of multidrug-resistant organisms in intestinal carriers. Finally, we performed a meta-analysis. Results: We included five RTCs in the systematic review. In four studies an effect of antibiotics on the eradication of MRO was shown at the end of intervention, but it was not sustained at follow-up. In the fifth study, the effect at the end of intervention was not reported, and there was no observed effect of the intervention at follow-up. We included four studies in the meta-analysis, and it suggests an effect of antibiotics on the eradication of MRO in intestinal carriers at the end of follow-up with a p-value of 0.04 (95% confidence interval 1.02–1.95). None of the studies reported a significant increase in resistance to the study drug. Gastrointestinal disorders were the most frequent non-severe adverse event. Conclusions: The effect of antibiotics on the eradication of multidrug-resistant organisms in intestinal carriers was not statistically significant in any of the five included studies; however, we found a significant effect in the pooled meta-analysis. As the confidence interval is large, we cannot determine the clinical importance of this finding, and it should be further investigated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pathogenic and Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria in Gut Microbiota)
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