Antibiotic Residues, Antimicrobial Resistance and Intervention Strategies of Foodborne Pathogens, 2nd Edition

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Guest Editor
China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit (2019RU014), Beijing 100022, China
Interests: antimicrobial resistance; antibiotics resistance gene; one health; drug residues; food safety; risk assessment
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Guest Editor
National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
Interests: veterinary pharmacokinetics; veterinary drug residues; animal pathogens; antimicrobial resistance
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

The first volume of this Special Issue, “Antibiotic Residues, Antimicrobial Resistance and Intervention Strategies of Foodborne Pathogens”, was published in March 2023. It was a successful Special Issue, with 16 published papers, and has encouraged us to open a second volume on the same topic.

This Special Issue will celebrate World Antimicrobial Resistance Week (November 18~24), set up bythe FAO/UNEP/WAHO/WHO with a Tertiary Party Joint Action Plan for One Health, and brings together a diverse collection of articles from experts across various disciplines, including microbiology, pharmacy, epidemiology, and environtology. The topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following:
  • Antibiotic residues;
  • Antibiotic resistance genes;
  • Antimicrobial resistance;
  • Food safety;
  • Foodborne pathogen;
  • Intervention strategies;
  • One Health.

Prof. Dr. Yongning Wu
Prof. Dr. Zhenling Zeng
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • antibiotic residues
  • antibiotic resistance genes
  • antimicrobial resistance
  • food safety
  • foodborne pathogen
  • intervention strategies
  • one health

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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21 pages, 3606 KiB  
Article
Antibiotic Residues in Milk and Milk-Based Products Served in Kuwait Hospitals: Multi-Hazard Risk Assessment
by Maha S. Alenezi, Yasmine H. Tartor, Mohammed El-Sherbini, Elena Pet, Mirela Ahmadi and Adel Abdelkhalek
Antibiotics 2024, 13(11), 1073; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13111073 - 11 Nov 2024
Viewed by 824
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant global health challenge affecting food safety and development. Residues of antibiotics in food from animal sources, particularly milk, contribute to the development and spread of AMR, alter intestinal microbiota, and potentially lead to allergies, serious health conditions, [...] Read more.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant global health challenge affecting food safety and development. Residues of antibiotics in food from animal sources, particularly milk, contribute to the development and spread of AMR, alter intestinal microbiota, and potentially lead to allergies, serious health conditions, and environmental and technological problems within the dairy industry. Therefore, this study investigated the residue levels of veterinary drugs from β-lactam antibiotics and tetracyclines in milk and milk products and assessed human health risks. Two hundred milk and milk product samples (pasteurized milk, sterile milk, soft white cheese, and processed cheese, 50 each) were collected from different hospitals in the State of Kuwait and screened for antibiotic residues using a microbial inhibition assay (Delvotest SP-NT) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Delvotest SP-NT and HPLC analyses showed that 30, 28, 26, and 24% of the pasteurized milk, sterilized milk, white soft cheese, and processed cheese samples tested positive for antibiotic residues. Forty-eight milk and cheese samples were confirmed as positive by both methods, and six samples initially found to be negative by Delvotest SP-NT were confirmed as positive by HPLC. Multi-antibiotic residues were detected in five samples by using HPLC. The kappa coefficient (0.921; p < 0.0001) revealed complete concordance between the HPLC and Delvotest SP-NT results. Ampicillin was the most abundant residue in the positive samples (31.48%), ranging from 2.44 to 3.89 μg/L, with an overall mean concentration of 3.492 ± 0.094 μg/L, followed by tetracycline and oxytetracycline (27.78% each), ranging from 54.13 to 220.3 μg/L and from 41.55 to 160.7 μg/L, with mean concentrations of 129.477 ± 14.22 and 91.86 ± 9.92 μg/L, respectively. The amoxicillin levels in the samples (12/54; 22.22%) ranged from 3.11 to 5.5 μg/L, with an overall mean concentration of 3.685 ± 0.186 μg/L. The maximum concentrations of ampicillin, amoxicillin, and tetracycline were detected in processed cheese with mean concentrations of 3.89 ± 0.28 µg/L, 3.95 ± 0.15 µg/L, and 170.3 ± 0.27 µg/L, respectively. Pasteurized milk contained the maximum concentrations of oxytetracycline, with a mean concentration of 120.45 ± 0.25 µg/L. The tetracycline residues exceeded the standard maximum residue limits (MRLs; 100 µg/L) in 6% of both pasteurized and sterilized milk samples, and in 4% of processed cheese. Additionally, the oxytetracycline levels in pasteurized milk (6%) and amoxicillin levels in processed cheese (2%) were higher than the permitted MRLs (100 µg/L and 4 µg/L, respectively). Furthermore, the antibiotic residues detected in 12.5% (25/200) of the samples were close to standard permissible MRL limits for ampicillin (5%), amoxicillin and oxytetracycline (3% each), and tetracycline (1.5%). Hazard quotients, which compare the standard acceptable daily intake (ADI) to the estimated daily exposure (EDI), indicated that the overall risk associated with antibiotic residues in these dairy products is low. The EDI was lower than the ADI for the tested antibiotics, indicating an elevated safety margin. While the overall hazard quotients are low, the potential for the development of antibiotic resistance due to long-term exposure to low levels of antibiotics should be considered. Hence, strict regulations and enforcement are necessary to prevent excessive residue levels and to promote responsible antibiotic use in dairy production. Regular monitoring of antibiotic residues in dairy products is essential for ensuring consumer safety. Full article
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9 pages, 1459 KiB  
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Characterization of Salmonella Phage P1-CTX and the Potential Mechanism Underlying the Acquisition of the blaCTX-M-27 Gene
by Qiu-Yun Zhao, Run-Mao Cai, Ping Cai, Lin Zhang, Hong-Xia Jiang and Zhen-Ling Zeng
Antibiotics 2024, 13(5), 446; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13050446 - 14 May 2024
Viewed by 1434
Abstract
The P1 phage has garnered attention as a carrier of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in Enterobacteriaceae. However, the transferability of ARGs by P1-like phages carrying ARGs, in addition to the mechanism underlying ARG acquisition, remain largely unknown. In this study, we elucidated the [...] Read more.
The P1 phage has garnered attention as a carrier of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in Enterobacteriaceae. However, the transferability of ARGs by P1-like phages carrying ARGs, in addition to the mechanism underlying ARG acquisition, remain largely unknown. In this study, we elucidated the biological characteristics, the induction and transmission abilities, and the acquisition mechanism of the blaCTX-M-27 gene in the P1 phage. The P1-CTX phage exhibited distinct lytic plaques and possessed a complete head and tail structure. Additionally, the P1-CTX phage was induced successfully under various conditions, including UV exposure, heat treatment at 42 °C, and subinhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of antibiotics. Moreover, the P1-CTX phage could mobilize the blaCTX-M-27 gene into three strains of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and the following seven different serotypes of Salmonella: Rissen, Derby, Kentucky, Typhimurium, Cerro, Senftenberg, and Muenster. The mechanism underlying ARG acquisition by the P1-CTX phage involved Tn1721 transposition-mediated movement of blaCTX-M-27 into the ref and mat genes within its genome. To our knowledge, this is the first report documenting the dynamic processes of ARG acquisition by a phage. Furthermore, this study enriches the research on the mechanism underlying the phage acquisition of drug resistance genes and provides a basis for determining the risk of drug resistance during phage transmission. Full article
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