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Animals
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Small Animal Neonatology
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Small Animal Neonatology

A special issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615). This special issue belongs to the section "Animal Reproduction".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 December 2023) | Viewed by 15070

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Maria Cristina Veronesi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy
Interests: domestic animals; reproduction; neonatology; clinical andrology; gynaecology; obstetrics; endocrinology
Dr. Jasmine Fusi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria Via dell’Università, Università degli Studi di Milano, 6 - 26900 Lodi (LO), Italy
Interests: small animal neonatology; small animal gynaecology; small animal obstetrics; small animal clinical andrology; small animal endocrinology of reproduction

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Despite a previous lack of scientific interest in small animal neonatology, in recent years papers addressing multiple aspects of canine and feline neonatology have been rapidly increasing in number. This means that, although long forgotten, small animal neonatology represents an important issue from both veterinarian and breeder points of view. In the last ten years, a great deal of important knowledge has been provided, but much remains to be clarified to enable a more professional management of newborn puppy or kitten patients, with the final goal of reducing the still-high perinatal morbidity and mortality rates. Therefore, in this Special Issue, scientific papers that can contribute to improving basic knowledge and practical clinical applications are welcomed.

Prof. Dr. Maria Cristina Veronesi
Dr. Jasmine Fusi
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Animals is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • dog
  • cat
  • newborn
  • physiology
  • diseases
  • treatment
  • reanimation
  • outcome
  • assessment

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 1383 KiB  
Article
Neonatal–Maternal Bodyweight Ratio at Birth: An Indicator for First-Week Survival Prognosis in Canine Newborns
by Salvatore Alonge, Michela Beccaglia, Chiara Trovò, Monica Melandri and Giuseppe Migliaretti
Animals 2023, 13(21), 3397; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13213397 - 1 Nov 2023
Viewed by 1180
Abstract
Objectives. In dogs, neonatal bodyweight (NBW) varies at birth. Size-specific reference values for NBW are essential to correctly manage newborns. The present study aimed to define a new tool to evaluate NBW that could be routinely applied in canine neonatology, promptly identifying puppies [...] Read more.
Objectives. In dogs, neonatal bodyweight (NBW) varies at birth. Size-specific reference values for NBW are essential to correctly manage newborns. The present study aimed to define a new tool to evaluate NBW that could be routinely applied in canine neonatology, promptly identifying puppies requiring more care. Methods. The records of 89 litters were retrospectively evaluated. Data were grouped according to maternal bodyweight (MBW) in five categories: toy (≤5 kg), small (5.1–9.9 kg), medium (10–24.9 kg), large (25–39.9 kg), and giant (≥40 kg) dogs. At birth, the NBW of 412 puppies, alongside their litter size (LS) and gender (G), were recorded. Neonatal mortality within the first week was considered. The influence of MBW, LS, and G on NBW and the effect of NBW on the 1-week outcome were evaluated using ANOVA (p < 0.05). The ratio between NBW and MBW expressed as a percentage (N-MBW%), was assessed for each puppy. Through Receiver-Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves, N-MBW% thresholds between puppies alive or dead at one week of age were calculated in each group. Results. The LS was different among groups, except for small vs. medium dogs. In small litters, N-MBW% was lower in medium-, large- and giant-sized dogs than in toy and small dogs. In medium and large litters, N-MBW% differed among the five groups. Male and female N-MBW% differed among the five groups. Only in large and giant sizes did LS affect N-MBW%, which was lower in a large LS. The N-MBW% was higher in healthy puppies than in those who died within one week. The ROC-derived N-MBW% thresholds were as follows: 4.5% in toy-, 3.2% in small-, 1.5% in medium-, 1.2% in large-, and 1% in giant dogs. Clinical significance. The ROC-derived N-MBW% thresholds can be used to cautiously identify puppies at increased risk for one-week mortality and may be helpful in clinical practice, representing a suitable parameter to give a prognosis on 1-week survival immediately at birth. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Small Animal Neonatology)
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11 pages, 1522 KiB  
Article
Relative Impact of Birth Weight and Early Growth on Neonatal Mortality in Puppies
by Amélie Mugnier, Virginie Gaillard and Sylvie Chastant
Animals 2023, 13(12), 1928; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13121928 - 9 Jun 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1596
Abstract
Puppy survival during their first weeks of life can be improved, and early detection of puppies with increased mortality risk is one of the keys to success. In the canine species, the few studies on this subject focused on birth weight, which reflects [...] Read more.
Puppy survival during their first weeks of life can be improved, and early detection of puppies with increased mortality risk is one of the keys to success. In the canine species, the few studies on this subject focused on birth weight, which reflects intrauterine growth. The present work aimed to explore the interconnections between birth weight, early growth and survival until two months of life in the canine species. In total, data from 8550 puppies born in 127 French breeding kennels were analysed. Five different growth rates were calculated to reflect the growth of puppies during their first week of life. Low-birth-weight puppies had lower growth than normal-birth-weight puppies over the first two days of life but higher growth rates thereafter. Growth-rate thresholds allowing the identification of puppies at higher risk of mortality during their first two months of life were lower for low-birth-weight puppies. These thresholds will help breeders and veterinarians to identify puppies at risk with particular needs for monitoring and nursing to improve their chances of survival. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Small Animal Neonatology)
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12 pages, 1296 KiB  
Article
Association between Birth Weight and Mortality over the Two First Months after Birth in Feline Species: Definition of Breed-Specific Thresholds
by Amélie Mugnier, Virginie Gaillard and Sylvie Chastant
Animals 2023, 13(11), 1822; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13111822 - 31 May 2023
Viewed by 1332
Abstract
In many species, low birth weight is identified as a major determinant for neonatal survival. The objectives of the present study were (i) to assess, in a large feline purebred population, the impact of birth weight on 0–2 months mortality in kittens, and [...] Read more.
In many species, low birth weight is identified as a major determinant for neonatal survival. The objectives of the present study were (i) to assess, in a large feline purebred population, the impact of birth weight on 0–2 months mortality in kittens, and (ii) if such mortality occurs, to define cut-off values for birth weight to identify at-risk kittens. Data from 5596 kittens from 15 breeds and provided by 194 French breeders were analysed. A logistic mixed model was used to identify low birth weight, being a male, and being born in a large litter as significant risk factors for kitten mortality during the first two months after birth. Classification and regression tree analysis was used to define the thresholds, first at the species level and, when possible, at the breed level. Two thresholds were defined to group kittens into three categories: low, moderate, or high risk of 0–2 months mortality (normal, low, and very low birth weight, respectively). In our population, 19.7% of the kittens were classified as low birth weight and 1.9% as very low birth weight. Critical thresholds may differ between breeds with similar birth weight distributions and equivalent mortality rates (e.g., Russian Blue/Nebelung vs. Egyptian Mau). These critical birth weight thresholds, established in 15 breeds, could be used to identify kittens requiring more intensive nursing to improve survival. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Small Animal Neonatology)
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8 pages, 251 KiB  
Article
Hair and Claw Dehydroepiandrosterone Concentrations in Newborn Puppies Spontaneously Dead within 30 Days of Age
by Jasmine Fusi, Maria Cristina Veronesi, Alberto Prandi, Tea Meloni, Massimo Faustini and Tanja Peric
Animals 2022, 12(22), 3162; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12223162 - 16 Nov 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1360
Abstract
The latest intrauterine fetal developmental stage and the neonatal period represent the most challenging phases for mammalian offspring. Toward the term of pregnancy, during parturition, and after birth, the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA) is a key system regulating several physiologic processes, through the production [...] Read more.
The latest intrauterine fetal developmental stage and the neonatal period represent the most challenging phases for mammalian offspring. Toward the term of pregnancy, during parturition, and after birth, the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA) is a key system regulating several physiologic processes, through the production of cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). This study was aimed to assess DHEA concentrations in hair and claws of 126 spontaneously dead newborn puppies, classified as premature puppies (PRE-P), stillborn puppies (STILL-P) and puppies that died from the 1st to the 30th day of life (NEON-P). The possible influence of newborn sex, breed body size, and timing of death on DHEA concentrations in both matrices was evaluated. Claw DHEA concentrations were higher in the PRE-P group when compared to STILL-P and NEON-P puppies (p < 0.05), whilst no significant differences were found in hair for all the studied factors. The results confirm the hypothesis that higher amounts of DHEA are produced during the intrauterine life in dogs, also in puppies that will die soon after birth. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Small Animal Neonatology)

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15 pages, 5521 KiB  
Case Report
Two Types of Management for the Noninvasive Treatment of Pectus Excavatum in Neonatal Puppies—Case Reports
by Keylla Helena Nobre Pacífico Pereira, Kárita da Mata Fuchs, Lara Ataídes Arantes Terçariol, Renata Cesar Silva, Gabriel de Azevedo Camargo, Júlia Cosenza Mendonça, Netelin Tainara Paulino, Marcelo Alejandro Zone, Eunice Oba and Maria Lucia Gomes Lourenço
Animals 2023, 13(5), 906; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13050906 - 2 Mar 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 8604
Abstract
Pectus excavatum is a deformity of the thorax characterized by ventrodorsal narrowing of the sternum bone and costal cartilages, which can lead to compression and cardiopulmonary alterations in dogs, presenting a high prevalence in brachycephalic breeds. The aim of this report was to [...] Read more.
Pectus excavatum is a deformity of the thorax characterized by ventrodorsal narrowing of the sternum bone and costal cartilages, which can lead to compression and cardiopulmonary alterations in dogs, presenting a high prevalence in brachycephalic breeds. The aim of this report was to describe two types of management for the noninvasive treatment of pectus excavatum in newborn puppies of the breeds French Bulldog and American Bully. The puppies presented dyspnea, cyanosis and substernal retraction during inspiration. The diagnosis was performed by physical examination and confirmed by chest X-ray. Two types of splints were performed (a circular splint with plastic pipe and a paper box splint on the chest), aiming at thoracic lateral compression and frontal chest remodeling. The management was effective for the conservative treatment of mild-grade pectus excavatum, resulting in the repositioning of the thorax and improvement of the respiratory pattern. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Small Animal Neonatology)
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