The Effect of Early-Life Stress on the Welfare and Performance of Animals

A special issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615). This special issue belongs to the section "Animal Welfare".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2026 | Viewed by 134

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
Interests: stress and environmental physiology; sow housing; maternal-fetal interaction; prenatal stress; effects of the environment on immune status, behavior, well-being of swine and other livestock
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Early life stress in animals can adversely affect behavior, physiology, health, and overall well-being, particularly when it occurs during critical, vulnerable phases of life. This is due to intricate biological processes that are shaped by a mix of genetic, epigenetic, maternal, and environmental influences. The perinatal phase is particularly significant in determining how individuals respond to their surroundings. The timing of early-life stress thus plays a crucial role in shaping long-term outcomes. It has the potential to modify the sensitivity of the stress response both in the short and long term, making an animal more susceptible to stress later in life and having enduring effects on an organism's adaptability and overall fitness. Stress is an intrinsic part of existence, and the capacity of animals, particularly livestock and poultry, to cope with stress-inducing factors is vital for their survival. Prenatal stress can influence fetal development and set the stage for the physiology and behavior of the offspring in later life, impacting their immunological, behavioral, and stress resilience.

We welcome original research papers that address any aspect of prenatal and postnatal stress, considering both the short-term and long-term effects on animal growth, reproduction, productivity, health, and welfare. We especially welcome papers that integrate physiological metrics with behavioral and immunological factors and proteomics; investigate stress-mediated effects on gut microbiota and immune function; examine the long-term consequences of prenatal and postnatal stress; and identify mechanisms and/or biomarkers associated with an animal's ability to adapt.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Prof. Dr. Janeen L. Salak-Johnson
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • farm animals
  • early life stress
  • perinatal phase
  • gut microbiota
  • biomarkers
  • adaptability

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

15 pages, 619 KB  
Article
Assessing Natural Weaning in Suckler Beef Cattle: A Single-Farm Retrospective Data Analysis of Calf-Raising Success and Colostrum Antibody Uptake in the Absence or Presence of a Yearling Calf
by Dorit Albertsen, Peter Plate and Suzanne D. E. Held
Animals 2026, 16(1), 34; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani16010034 - 23 Dec 2025
Abstract
Suckler beef cows and their calves are commonly separated when calves are between four and ten months old. This is earlier than would happen naturally and causes stress in dams and calves and reduces feed intake and immunocompetence, and thus introduces calf performance [...] Read more.
Suckler beef cows and their calves are commonly separated when calves are between four and ten months old. This is earlier than would happen naturally and causes stress in dams and calves and reduces feed intake and immunocompetence, and thus introduces calf performance and health problems. To address these concerns, weaning by separation was gradually phased out on a single extensive suckler beef farm comprising nine separate breeding herds based on chalk downland in southern England. Over seven consecutive years, the farm’s breeding herds were converted to natural weaning, one to two herds per year. This meant yearling calves stayed with their dams until weaned off naturally and beyond the subsequent calving season. To examine the effects of yearlings being left with their dams, retrospective data were collected on the subsequent calves’ survival to one year old (‘raising success’). The dams had their previous calf either still present as a yearling (YP) when the new calf arrived or had had their previous calf removed at eight months old, so it was absent (YA). Data were retrospectively analysed on 1822 calves born to 663 dams in total over the seven years. Raising success overall was 96% for YP calves and 95% for YA. Chi-squared analysis of only one calf per cow (N = 663; YP = 382, YA = 281) confirmed that raising success was not negatively associated with yearling presence. A separate analysis compared farm data on serum total protein levels of 81 YP and 12 YA 1–10-day-old calves as measures of colostrum antibody uptake. Mann–Whitney U testing showed an insignificant trend towards higher antibody uptake in YA calves (p < 0.1). However, over 86% of calves in both groups had ‘excellent’ total protein values according to a standard classification used for dairy calves (>6.2 g/dL). The findings show for the first time and under conditions studied here that beef calves can be left with their dams without a negative effect on the survival of the subsequent calf. Concerns of sibling rivalry disturbing the bonding process and leading to competition for colostrum and milk were not confirmed. In conclusion, allowing cows to wean their calves naturally could potentially be a viable management option for similar beef suckler herds, including those used in habitat/soil restoration projects. Full article
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