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Animals
Special Issues
Antimicrobial Use and Resistance in Livestock and Food Animals
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Antimicrobial Use and Resistance in Livestock and Food Animals

A special issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615). This special issue belongs to the section "Animal System and Management".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 August 2024) | Viewed by 17744

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Amit Vikram

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Intralytix, Columbia, MD, USA
Interests: food safety; antimicrobial resistance; foodborne bacteria; phage biocontrol
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Antimicrobial resistance in livestock and food animals including poultry, swine, sheep, and cattle has emerged as a health risk. Antibiotic resistant bacteria can be transferred to humans through food and direct handling. The aim of this Special issue is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of antimicrobial resistance in livestock and food animals. Manuscripts dealing with the emergence, epidemiology, control, as well as molecular and genetic basis of antimicrobial resistance emergence and dissemination are of special interest. Studies addressing the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance from animals/farms to humans and other animals, farms, and the environment are also highly encouraged.

The field of “antimicrobial resistance” understandably expanded at a fast pace in the last decade. The goal of this Special Issue is to present the most recent challenges and opportunities in managing the serious risk posed by the alarming rise in antimicrobial resistance. Another important goal of this Special issue is to gather various aspects of antimicrobial resistance in one place to help readers to better comprehend the field. By providing studies from different facets of antimicrobial resistance, this issue will serve as a useful addition of existing literature and help to advance our current understanding of the field.

Dr. Amit Vikram
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Animals is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • antimicrobial resistance
  • resistance trends
  • antibiotic-resistant bacteria
  • resistance genes
  • plasmids
  • horizontal transfer

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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19 pages, 585 KiB  
Article
The Short-Term Impact of Educational Programs on Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding Antimicrobial Stewardship among Veterinary Students in Serbia
by Zorana Kovačević, Nikola Čudina, Marko Pećin, Marko Samardžija, Marko Pajić, Selma Pintarić, Ivan Vlahek, Zoran Ružić, Vuk Vračar, Ivan Galić and Olga Horvat
Animals 2024, 14(18), 2736; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14182736 - 21 Sep 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1282
Abstract
Effective antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) is crucial for combating the rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), particularly in veterinary medicine. Educational programs targeting veterinary students can play a significant role in shaping their knowledge and attitudes toward antimicrobial use and stewardship. This study aimed to [...] Read more.
Effective antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) is crucial for combating the rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), particularly in veterinary medicine. Educational programs targeting veterinary students can play a significant role in shaping their knowledge and attitudes toward antimicrobial use and stewardship. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of educational programs on the knowledge and attitudes regarding AMS among veterinary students in Serbia. A structured educational program on AMS was implemented for veterinary students at the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad. Pre- and post-symposium assessments were conducted to measure changes in students’ knowledge and attitudes. The study employed a mixed-methods approach, including surveys and focus groups, to gather quantitative and qualitative data. The study resulted in significant short-term improvements in students’ knowledge of AMS principles and their attitudes toward responsible antimicrobial use. Participants demonstrated a better understanding of the mechanisms of resistance and the importance of adhering to stewardship guidelines. Qualitative feedback indicated increased awareness of the consequences of inappropriate antimicrobial use and a stronger commitment to applying stewardship practices in their future careers. The educational programs effectively enhanced immediate veterinary students’ knowledge and attitudes regarding AMS. These findings underscore the importance of integrating targeted educational programs into veterinary curricula to promote responsible antimicrobial use and combat resistance in veterinary practice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Use and Resistance in Livestock and Food Animals)
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Review

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23 pages, 1923 KiB  
Review
The Global Rise of ESBL-Producing Escherichia coli in the Livestock Sector: A Five-Year Overview
by Antonio Mandujano-Hernández, Ana Verónica Martínez-Vázquez, Alma D. Paz-González, Verónica Herrera-Mayorga, Mario Sánchez-Sánchez, Edgar E. Lara-Ramírez, Karina Vázquez, Erick de Jesús de Luna-Santillana, Virgilio Bocanegra-García and Gildardo Rivera
Animals 2024, 14(17), 2490; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14172490 - 27 Aug 2024
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2577
Abstract
β-lactam antibiotics are a key element in the treatment of bacterial infections. However, the excessive use of these antibiotics has contributed to the emergence of β-lactam-resistant enterobacteria, including Escherichia coli. One of the main challenges facing the public health sector is antibacterial [...] Read more.
β-lactam antibiotics are a key element in the treatment of bacterial infections. However, the excessive use of these antibiotics has contributed to the emergence of β-lactam-resistant enterobacteria, including Escherichia coli. One of the main challenges facing the public health sector is antibacterial resistance (ABR), mainly due to limited options in its pharmacological treatment. Currently, extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) present an alarming situation, as there is an increase in morbidity and mortality rates, prolonged hospital stays, and increased costs for sanitary supplies, which involve not only humans but also the environment and animals, especially animals destined for food production. This review presents an analysis of the prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli and its distribution in different animal sources throughout the world, providing an understanding of the association with resistance and virulence genes, as well as perceiving the population structure of E. coli. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Use and Resistance in Livestock and Food Animals)
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24 pages, 1580 KiB  
Review
The Potential of Wood Vinegar to Replace Antimicrobials Used in Animal Husbandry—A Review
by Gil Sander Próspero Gama, Alexandre Santos Pimenta, Francisco Marlon Carneiro Feijó, Tatiane Kelly Barbosa de Azevedo, Rafael Rodolfo de Melo and Gabriel Siqueira de Andrade
Animals 2024, 14(3), 381; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14030381 - 25 Jan 2024
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 4925
Abstract
The indiscriminate use of antimicrobials in animal husbandry can result in various types of environmental contamination. Part of the dose of these products is excreted, still active, in the animals’ feces and urine. These excreta are widely used as organic fertilizers, which results [...] Read more.
The indiscriminate use of antimicrobials in animal husbandry can result in various types of environmental contamination. Part of the dose of these products is excreted, still active, in the animals’ feces and urine. These excreta are widely used as organic fertilizers, which results in contamination with antimicrobial molecules. The impacts can occur in several compartments, such as soil, groundwater, and surface watercourses. Also, contamination by antimicrobials fed or administrated to pigs, chickens, and cattle can reach the meat, milk, and other animal products, which calls into question the sustainability of using these products as part of eco-friendly practices. Therefore, a search for alternative natural products is required to replace the conventional antimicrobials currently used in animal husbandry, aiming to mitigate environmental contamination. We thus carried out a review addressing this issue, highlighting wood vinegar (WV), also known as pyroligneous acid, as an alternative antimicrobial with good potential to replace conventional products. In this regard, many studies have demonstrated that WV is a promising product. WV is a nontoxic additive widely employed in the food industry to impart a smoked flavor to foods. Studies have shown that, depending on the WV concentration, good results can be achieved using it as an antimicrobial against pathogenic bacteria and fungi and a valuable growth promoter for poultry and pigs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Use and Resistance in Livestock and Food Animals)
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29 pages, 1322 KiB  
Review
Antibiotic Resistance among Gastrointestinal Bacteria in Broilers: A Review Focused on Enterococcus spp. and Escherichia coli
by Jessica Ribeiro, Vanessa Silva, Andreia Monteiro, Madalena Vieira-Pinto, Gilberto Igrejas, Filipa S. Reis, Lillian Barros and Patrícia Poeta
Animals 2023, 13(8), 1362; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13081362 - 15 Apr 2023
Cited by 26 | Viewed by 8051
Abstract
Chickens can acquire bacteria at different stages, and bacterial diversity can occur due to production practices, diet, and environment. The changes in consumer trends have led to increased animal production, and chicken meat is one of the most consumed meats. To ensure high [...] Read more.
Chickens can acquire bacteria at different stages, and bacterial diversity can occur due to production practices, diet, and environment. The changes in consumer trends have led to increased animal production, and chicken meat is one of the most consumed meats. To ensure high levels of production, antimicrobials have been used in livestock for therapeutic purposes, disease prevention, and growth promotion, contributing to the development of antimicrobial resistance across the resident microbiota. Enterococcus spp. and Escherichia coli are normal inhabitants of the gastrointestinal microbiota of chickens that can develop strains capable of causing a wide range of diseases, i.e., opportunistic pathogens. Enterococcus spp. isolated from broilers have shown resistance to at least seven classes of antibiotics, while E. coli have shown resistance to at least four. Furthermore, some clonal lineages, such as ST16, ST194, and ST195 in Enterococcus spp. and ST117 in E. coli, have been identified in humans and animals. These data suggest that consuming contaminated animal-source food, direct contact with animals, or environmental exposure can lead to the transmission of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. Therefore, this review focused on Enterococcus spp. and E. coli from the broiler industry to better understand how antibiotic-resistant strains have emerged, which antibiotic-resistant genes are most common, what clonal lineages are shared between broilers and humans, and their impact through a One Health perspective. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Use and Resistance in Livestock and Food Animals)
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