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Animals
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The Role of Gut Microbiome and Nutrition in Poultry Health
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The Role of Gut Microbiome and Nutrition in Poultry Health

A special issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615). This special issue belongs to the section "Poultry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2021) | Viewed by 26997

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Amélia Camarinha-Silva

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
Interests: microbiome; livestock; avian; pig; rumen

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Chicken diets are formulated to provide the animal with adequate nutrients to keep animal performance and health status. They are a source of energy, proteins, vitamins, amino acids and minerals. Ingestion of diets with imbalanced nutrients supplementation may lead to imbalanced gut microbiome, animal disease and inefficient use of natural resources. The chicken gut microbiome has an important role in nutrient digestion, pathogen inhibition, endocrine activity, immune system regulation and gut epithelium nourishment. Interactions between microorganisms are important for gut homeostasis and to promote the development of the intestinal mucus layer and host metabolism and have an influence on animal physiology and health. Optimized nutrition has a positive impact on gut microbiome diversity.

The present Special Issue aims to combine in one publication the most recent advances in the role of gut microbiome and nutrition in poultry health. We invite you to contribute with research papers, literature reviews, and case reports.

Prof. Amélia Camarinha-Silva
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Animals is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • poultry
  • chicken
  • nutrition
  • feed additives
  • prebiotics
  • probiotics
  • synbiotics
  • gut
  • gastrointestinal tract
  • microbiome
  • microbiota

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 1016 KiB  
Article
The Impact of Hydrated Aluminosilicates Supplemented in Litter and Feed on Chicken Growth, Muscle Traits and Gene Expression in the Intestinal Mucosa
by Jakub Biesek, Aleksandra Dunisławska, Mirosław Banaszak, Maria Siwek and Marek Adamski
Animals 2021, 11(8), 2224; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11082224 - 28 Jul 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2508
Abstract
The aim of the study was to compare the production, muscle traits and gene expression in the intestinal mucosa of chickens supplemented with aluminosilicates in feed and litter simultaneously. A total of 300 Ross 308 were maintained for 42 days. Group 1 was [...] Read more.
The aim of the study was to compare the production, muscle traits and gene expression in the intestinal mucosa of chickens supplemented with aluminosilicates in feed and litter simultaneously. A total of 300 Ross 308 were maintained for 42 days. Group 1 was the control group. In group 2, 0.650 kg/m2 of halloysite was added to the litter and 0.5–2% to the feed (halloysite and zeolite in a 1:1 ratio); in group 3, we added zeolite (0.650 kg/m2) to the litter and 0.5–2% to the feed. The production parameters, the slaughter yield and analyses of muscle quality were analyzed. There was a higher body weight, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio on day 18 and 33 in group 3, and a higher feed intake on day 19–33 in groups 2 and 3 than in 1. A lower water-holding capacity was found in the breasts of group 2 and in the legs of group 3 compared to group 1. The expression of genes related to the immune response, host defense and intestinal barrier and nutrient sensing in the intestinal tissue was analyzed. The results show a beneficial effect on the immune status of the host without an adverse effect on the expression of genes related to intestinal tightness or nutritional processes. Due to the growth, meat characteristics and the positive impact of immunostimulant and regulating properties, aluminosilicates can be suggested as a litter and feed additive in the rearing of chickens. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Gut Microbiome and Nutrition in Poultry Health)
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20 pages, 17013 KiB  
Article
Absence of Circadian Rhythm in Fecal Microbiota of Laying Hens under Common Light
by Yu Zhang, Lan Sun, Run Zhu, Shiyu Zhang, Shuo Liu, Yan Wang, Yinbao Wu, Xindi Liao and Jiandui Mi
Animals 2021, 11(7), 2065; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11072065 - 10 Jul 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 4335
Abstract
The circadian rhythm of gut microbiota is an important biological rhythm that plays a crucial role in host health. However, few studies have determined the associations between the circadian rhythm and gut microbiota in laying hens. The present experiment investigated the circadian rhythm [...] Read more.
The circadian rhythm of gut microbiota is an important biological rhythm that plays a crucial role in host health. However, few studies have determined the associations between the circadian rhythm and gut microbiota in laying hens. The present experiment investigated the circadian rhythm of fecal microbiota in laying hens. Feces samples were collected from 10 laying hens at nine different time points (06:00–12:00–18:00–00:00–06:00–12:00–18:00–00:00–06:00) to demonstrate the circadian rhythm of fecal microbiota. The results showed that the α and β diversity of the fecal microbiota fluctuated significantly at different time points. Beta nearest taxon index analysis suggested that assembly strategies of the abundant and rare amplicon sequence variant (ASV) sub-communities were different. Abundant ASVs preferred dispersal limitation (weak selection), and rare ASVs were randomly formed due to the “non-dominant” fractions. Highly robust fluctuations of fecal microbiota at the phylum level were found. For example, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria fluctuated inversely to each other, but the total ratio remained in a dynamic balance over 48 h. We identified that temporal dynamic changes had a significant effect on the relative abundance of the important bacteria in the feces microbial community using the random forest algorithm. Eight bacteria, Ruminococcus gnavus, Faecalibacterium, Ruminococcaceae, Enterococcus cecorum, Lachnospiraceae, Clostridium, Clostridiales, and Megamonas, showed significant changes over time. One unexpected finding was the fact that these eight bacteria belong to Firmicutes. The pathways showed significant fluctuation, including xenobiotic biodegradation and metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and amino acid metabolism, which were consistent with the metabolic functions of amino acids and carbohydrates from the feed. This study showed that the defecation time may be an important factor in the diversity, proportion, and functions of the feces microbial community. However, there was no circadian rhythm of microbial community assembly confirmed by JTK_Cycle analysis. These results might suggest there was no obvious circadian rhythm of fecal microbiota in laying hens under common light. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Gut Microbiome and Nutrition in Poultry Health)
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17 pages, 8937 KiB  
Article
Microbial Diversity and Community Variation in the Intestines of Layer Chickens
by Sha-Sha Xiao, Jian-Dui Mi, Liang Mei, Juanboo Liang, Kun-Xian Feng, Yin-Bao Wu, Xin-Di Liao and Yan Wang
Animals 2021, 11(3), 840; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11030840 - 16 Mar 2021
Cited by 35 | Viewed by 3664
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota is increasingly recognized as an important component of host health, metabolism and immunity. Early gut colonizers are pivotal in the establishment of microbial community structures affecting the health and growth performance of chickens. White Lohmann layer is a common commercial [...] Read more.
The intestinal microbiota is increasingly recognized as an important component of host health, metabolism and immunity. Early gut colonizers are pivotal in the establishment of microbial community structures affecting the health and growth performance of chickens. White Lohmann layer is a common commercial breed. Therefore, this breed was selected to study the pattern of changes of microbiota with age. In this study, the duodenum, caecum and colorectum contents of white Lohmann layer chickens from same environment control farm were collected and analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing to explore the spatial and temporal variations in intestinal microbiota. The results showed that the diversity of the microbial community structure in the duodenum, caecum and colorectum increased with age and tended to be stable when the layer chickens reached 50 days of age and the distinct succession patterns of the intestinal microbiota between the duodenum and large intestine (caecum and colorectum). On day 0, the diversity of microbes in the duodenum was higher than that in the caecum and colorectum, but the compositions of intestinal microbes were relatively similar, with facultative anaerobic Proteobacteria as the main microbes. However, the relative abundance of facultative anaerobic bacteria (Escherichia) gradually decreased and was replaced by anaerobic bacteria (Bacteroides and Ruminococcaceae). By day 50, the structure of intestinal microbes had gradually become stable, and Lactobacillus was the dominant bacteria in the duodenum (41.1%). The compositions of dominant microbes in the caecum and colorectum were more complex, but there were certain similarities. Bacteroides, Odoribacter and Clostridiales vadin BB60 group were dominant. The results of this study provide evidence that time and spatial factors are important factors affecting the intestinal microbiota composition. This study provides new knowledge of the intestinal microbiota colonization pattern of layer chickens in early life to improve the intestinal health of layer chickens. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Gut Microbiome and Nutrition in Poultry Health)
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Review

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16 pages, 987 KiB  
Review
Cinnamon: A Natural Feed Additive for Poultry Health and Production—A Review
by Akhtar Ali, Eric N. Ponnampalam, Gamini Pushpakumara, Jeremy J. Cottrell, Hafiz A. R. Suleria and Frank R. Dunshea
Animals 2021, 11(7), 2026; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11072026 - 7 Jul 2021
Cited by 63 | Viewed by 14284
Abstract
The increased bacterial resistance to synthetic antibiotics and consumer awareness about the health and food safety concerns have triggered the ban on the use of antibiotic growth promotors (AGPs) in the poultry industry. This situation encouraged the poultry sector and industry to explore [...] Read more.
The increased bacterial resistance to synthetic antibiotics and consumer awareness about the health and food safety concerns have triggered the ban on the use of antibiotic growth promotors (AGPs) in the poultry industry. This situation encouraged the poultry sector and industry to explore safe alternatives to AGPs and focus on developing more sustainable feed management strategies to improve the intestinal health and growth performance of poultry. Consequently, phytogenic feed additives (PFAs) have emerged as natural alternatives to AGPs and have great potential in the poultry industry. In recent years, cinnamon (one of the most widely used spices) has attracted attention from researchers as a natural product with numerous health benefits for poultry. The essential oils in cinnamon, in particular, are of interest because of their antioxidant, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, and hypocholesterolaemic effects, in addition to their ability to stimulate digestive enzymes in the gut. This review mainly emphasizes the potential impact of cinnamon as a natural feed additive on overall gut health, nutrient digestibility, blood biochemical profile, gene expression, gut microbiota and immune response. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Gut Microbiome and Nutrition in Poultry Health)
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