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Impacts of Fertilization and Irrigation on Soil Nitrogen Cycling and...
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Impacts of Fertilization and Irrigation on Soil Nitrogen Cycling and Crop Nitrogen Utilization

A special issue of Agriculture (ISSN 2077-0472). This special issue belongs to the section "Crop Production".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 December 2024) | Viewed by 4936

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Xuebin Qi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China
Interests: joint utilization of multiple water sources; well channel combination; irrigation technology; irrigation system; groundwater development, utilization, and protection; environmental effects of irrigation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Ping Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China
Interests: highly efficient use of non-conventional water resources in agriculture; analysis and risk assessment of water environmental factors in irrigation areas; brackish water utilization in agriculture; saline alkali land transformation and treatment technology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Wei Guo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China
Interests: regenerated water irrigation; soil; nitrogen transport; soil remediation; soil microorganism

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Water and nitrogen are two essential substances that play an indispensable role in promoting normal crop growth. In recent years, scientists across the globe have conducted extensive research on the mechanism and application technology of crop water and fertilizer regulation, making significant discoveries that help in promoting the rapid development of agriculture.  However, due to the numerous impacts of environmental changes, global water shortage have only further intensified, and the ecological and environmental problems caused by unreasonable fertilization have become increasingly severe. These issues pose a serious threat to food security and sustainable development of agriculture. Thus, it is of dire necessity to address the challenges associated with agricultural water and soil resource bottlenecks, and further improve crop water and nitrogen utilization efficiency to ensure food security.

Given this context, this Special Issue aims to collate research addressing the impacts of fertilization and irrigation on soil nitrogen cycling and crop nitrogen utilization, as well as highlighting the novel developments in the fields of irrigation and fertilization.

Prof. Dr. Xuebin Qi
Dr. Ping Li
Dr. Wei Guo
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Agriculture is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • irrigation
  • fertilization
  • water nitrogen coupling
  • integration of water and fertilizer
  • soil moisture
  • nitrogen transport and transformation
  • water use efficiency
  • crops
  • yield

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 6698 KiB  
Article
Microbial Network Complexity Helps to Reduce the Deep Migration of Chemical Fertilizer Nitrogen Under the Combined Application of Varying Irrigation Amounts and Multiple Nitrogen Sources
by Taotao Chen, Erping Cui, Yanbo Zhang, Ge Gao, Hao You, Yurun Tian, Chao Hu, Yuan Liu, Tao Fan and Xiangyang Fan
Agriculture 2024, 14(12), 2311; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14122311 - 17 Dec 2024
Viewed by 830
Abstract
The deep migration of soil nitrogen (N) poses a significant risk of N leaching, contributing to non-point-source pollution. This study examines the influence of microbial networks on the deep migration of chemical fertilizer N under varying irrigation management and multiple N fertilizer sources. [...] Read more.
The deep migration of soil nitrogen (N) poses a significant risk of N leaching, contributing to non-point-source pollution. This study examines the influence of microbial networks on the deep migration of chemical fertilizer N under varying irrigation management and multiple N fertilizer sources. A soil column experiment with eight treatments was conducted, utilizing 15N isotope labeling and metagenomic sequencing technology. The findings revealed that reduced irrigation significantly curbs the deep migration of chemical fertilizer N, and straw returning also mitigates this migration under conventional irrigation. Microbial network complexity and stability were markedly higher under reduced irrigation compared to conventional practices. Notably, network node count, average degree, and modularity exhibited significant negative correlations with the deep migration of chemical fertilizer N. The network topology indices, including node count, average clustering coefficient, average degree, modularity, and edge count, were found to be relatively more important for the deep migration of chemical fertilizer N. In conclusion, microbial networks play an important role in reducing the deep migration of chemical fertilizer N. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impacts of Fertilization and Irrigation on Soil Nitrogen Cycling and Crop Nitrogen Utilization)
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15 pages, 1024 KiB  
Article
Improvement of Transplanting Rice Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency by Increasing Planting Density in Northeast China Under the Optimal Nitrogen Split-Fertilizer Applications
by Zichen Liu, Wanchun Li, Shujuan Geng, Rui Zhang, Man Dou, Meikang Wu, Liangdong Li, Dongchao Wang, Xiaoshuang Wei, Ping Tian, Meiying Yang, Zhihai Wu and Lei Wu
Agriculture 2024, 14(11), 2015; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14112015 - 8 Nov 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 789
Abstract
There are few studies on how nitrogen (N) fertilizer application rates and transplanting densities impact rice yield, root distribution, and N use efficiency in the cold regions of Northeast China. This research involved a two-year field trial utilizing Jinongda 667 as the material. [...] Read more.
There are few studies on how nitrogen (N) fertilizer application rates and transplanting densities impact rice yield, root distribution, and N use efficiency in the cold regions of Northeast China. This research involved a two-year field trial utilizing Jinongda 667 as the material. In 2021, three N split-fertilizer applications—T1 (6:3:1), T2 (5:3:2), T3 (4:3:3)—and two transplanting densities—D1 (30 cm × 13.3 cm) and D2 (30 cm × 20 cm)—were compared with the conventional cultivation mode (T0: 175 kg N hm−2, 6:3:1), whereby the N application mode most suitable for increasing density was explored. In 2022, four N application levels—0 (N0), 125 (N1), 150 (N2), and 175 (N3) kg N hm−2—were assessed under the same density treatment to analyze the yield, resource utilization efficiency, and root traits of Jinongda 667. The results indicated that when the transplanting density was 30 cm × 13.3 cm, the application of 5:3:2 fertilizer was more conducive to improving rice yield. Increasing planting density under reduced N input significantly enhanced both rice yield and N use efficiency. In contrast to the conventional cultivation method (D2N3), the treatment of increased planting density (D1N2) under reduced N input led to a 21.2% rise in the number of panicles per square meter and an 8.6% boost in rice yield. Furthermore, increasing planting density under reduced N input significantly enhanced the agronomic efficiency of N fertilizer, the apparent utilization rate, and the N harvest index. It also boosted the SPAD value, photosynthetic rate, and the utilization efficiency of light and N resources in rice. However, it was noted that root enzyme activity decreased. This study demonstrated that increasing planting density, combined with the N application mode of 5:3:2 and an N application rate of 150 kg hm−2, maximized resource utilization efficiency, optimized root absorption capacity, and resulted in higher yields. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impacts of Fertilization and Irrigation on Soil Nitrogen Cycling and Crop Nitrogen Utilization)
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16 pages, 1861 KiB  
Article
Effects of Different Manures in Combination with Fulvic Acid on the Abundance of N-Cycling Functional Genes in Greenhouse Soils
by Shouqiang Zhao, Zhongyang Li, Chuncheng Liu, Jiuming Sun, Jibin Song, Xiaotong Li and Yuan Liu
Agriculture 2023, 13(12), 2224; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13122224 - 30 Nov 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2301
Abstract
To investigate the effects of different manures in combination with fulvic acid on the abundance of N-cycling functional genes in greenhouse soils, Chinese cabbage was planted for three growing seasons. A total of six treatments—pig manure (P), pig manure + fulvic acid (PH), [...] Read more.
To investigate the effects of different manures in combination with fulvic acid on the abundance of N-cycling functional genes in greenhouse soils, Chinese cabbage was planted for three growing seasons. A total of six treatments—pig manure (P), pig manure + fulvic acid (PH), chicken manure (C), chicken manure + fulvic acid (CH), sheep manure (S), sheep manure + fulvic acid (SH) and no fertilization (CK)—were set up. The abundance of 13 soil N-cycling functional genes (gdhA, amoA-1, amoA-2, amoB, narG, nirK-1, nirK-2, nirK-3, nirS-1, nirS-2, nirS-3, nosZ and nifH) were investigated after the harvest of the third growing season using a gene chip approach. The results showed that fertilization treatments increased the abundance of most N-cycling functional genes in the soil, such as nitrification genes amoA-2 and amoB as well as denitrification genes narG, nirK-1, nirS-1 and nirS-2, with the stronger influence of sheep and pig manure than chicken manure. Fortunately, the additional fulvic acid reduced the increasing effect resulting from pig, chicken and sheep manure application. The abundance of functional genes for nitrogen cycling in soil was positively correlated with the content of soil organic matter, available phosphorus and NO3−-N, and negatively correlated with electrical conductivity. Overall, fertilization treatments increased soil nitrification and denitrification genes abundance, with a risk of increasing soil nitrogen loss, but the supplementary fulvic acid could limit the increase. In this study, it was concluded that the sheep manure (31.3 t/ha) + fulvic acid (7.5 kg/ha) treatment was more powerful in regulating the abundance of N-cycling functional genes in soil. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impacts of Fertilization and Irrigation on Soil Nitrogen Cycling and Crop Nitrogen Utilization)
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