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Lymphatics
Volume 3
Issue 4
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Lymphatics, Volume 3, Issue 4 (December 2025) – 5 articles

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43 pages, 2880 KB  
Review
Relevance of AKT and RAS Signaling Pathways for Antibody–Drug Conjugate Immunotherapies in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
by Patrick A. H. Ehm and Christoph Rehbach
Lymphatics 2025, 3(4), 33; https://doi.org/10.3390/lymphatics3040033 - 13 Oct 2025
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is the most common cause of cancer-related death in children and represents a poor prognosis for patients in high-risk groups. Current treatment protocols are based on intensive polychemotherapy, which is associated with a significant toxicity profile. Due to their higher [...] Read more.
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is the most common cause of cancer-related death in children and represents a poor prognosis for patients in high-risk groups. Current treatment protocols are based on intensive polychemotherapy, which is associated with a significant toxicity profile. Due to their higher specificity and lower toxicity, immunotherapies based on monoclonal antibodies, in particular antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs), are revolutionizing cancer therapy. However, reports on the potential efficacy of ADC-targeted therapy in ALL and its subgroups are limited. Gene expression data suggest that potentially new ADC antigens are highly abundant in ALL subgroups and represent promising targets for cancer therapy. In addition, the PI3K/AKT and RAS/MAPK signaling pathways are often persistently activated in ALL and recent data showed that active feedback loops following inhibition of these pathways can lead to redundancy of cell surface receptors that can potentially serve as antigens for ADC treatment. Therefore, we provide here an overview of the most interesting receptors of the various ALL subgroups and discuss the influence that feedback loops of the PI3K/AKT and RAS/MAPK signaling pathways may have on increasing protein expression of the aforementioned receptors, which could lead to targeted combination therapy approaches in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Lymphoid Disorders: Immunological Insights and Therapeutic Innovations)
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1 pages, 150 KB  
Correction
Correction: Koizumi et al. Lipoperoxides as Prognostic Markers in Pediatric B-Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia Patients Undergoing Induction Chemotherapy. Lymphatics 2025, 3, 11
by Bruna Yukie Koizumi, Marina Rayciki Sotomayor, Carolina Coradi, Ana Luiza Goulart Starck, Anna Will Ribeiro, Maikely Bruna Leite, Maria Eduarda Pardal Simonato, Rafael Gomes Paz, Vinicius de Melo Tizzo, Stefania Tagliari Longo, Geise Ellen Broto, Fausto Celso Trigo and Carolina Panis
Lymphatics 2025, 3(4), 32; https://doi.org/10.3390/lymphatics3040032 - 13 Oct 2025
Abstract
In the original publication [...] Full article
18 pages, 418 KB  
Review
Gastrointestinal Lymphomas: A Comprehensive Review of Epidemiology, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Histopathology, and Management
by Vignesh Krishnan Nagesh, Ruchi Bhuju, Ahmed S. Mohammed, Emelyn Martinez, Marina Basta, Deepa Francis, Shraboni Dey, Maggie James, Damien Islek, Sanket Bhattarai, Mohammed A. Saafan, Shruthi Badam and Adam Atoot
Lymphatics 2025, 3(4), 31; https://doi.org/10.3390/lymphatics3040031 - 29 Sep 2025
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Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) lymphomas are a diverse group of extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphomas primarily affecting the stomach, small intestine, and colon. They present with non-specific symptoms such as abdominal pain, weight loss, or GI bleeding, making early diagnosis challenging. Histologic subtypes vary, with mucosa-associated lymphoid [...] Read more.
Gastrointestinal (GI) lymphomas are a diverse group of extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphomas primarily affecting the stomach, small intestine, and colon. They present with non-specific symptoms such as abdominal pain, weight loss, or GI bleeding, making early diagnosis challenging. Histologic subtypes vary, with mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) being the most common. Diagnosis involves endoscopic evaluation with biopsy, cross-sectional imaging, and often PET-CT. Management is subtype-dependent, including antibiotics for H. pylori-associated MALT lymphoma, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and occasionally surgery. A multidisciplinary approach is essential for optimal outcomes. Core Tip: Gastrointestinal lymphomas are rare but clinically significant malignancies with variable presentations. Accurate diagnosis and tailored treatment based on the histologic subtype and site are critical, requiring close collaboration among gastroenterologists, pathologists, oncologists, and radiologists. Full article
(This article belongs to the Collection Lymphomas)
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10 pages, 3338 KB  
Case Report
Bronchiolitis Obliterans in a Young Female Patient with Paraneoplastic Pemphigus Associated with Unicentric Castleman’s Disease
by Walid Kteiche, Vasiliki Besa, Stefanie Werther, Dirk Theegarten, Stefanie Bertram, Enno Schmidt, Anna Daniels and Silke C. Hofmann
Lymphatics 2025, 3(4), 30; https://doi.org/10.3390/lymphatics3040030 - 24 Sep 2025
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Abstract
Background: Castleman’s disease (CD), also known as angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia, describes a rare group of diseases manifesting with enlarged lymph nodes and various inflammatory symptoms. The association between Castleman’s disease, paraneoplastic pemphigus and bronchiolitis obliterans has been described in the literature and [...] Read more.
Background: Castleman’s disease (CD), also known as angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia, describes a rare group of diseases manifesting with enlarged lymph nodes and various inflammatory symptoms. The association between Castleman’s disease, paraneoplastic pemphigus and bronchiolitis obliterans has been described in the literature and is depicted thoroughly in this case. Case Presentation: We present a case of severe bronchiolitis obliterans developing in a 17-year-old female with paraneoplastic pemphigus and unicentric Castleman’s disease. Conclusion: Surgical resection of unicentric Castleman’s disease remains the treatment of choice due to its efficacy in preventing the recurrence of associated morbidity caused by bronchiolitis obliterans and paraneoplastic pemphigus. Full article
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9 pages, 945 KB  
Article
Transplanted Mesenteric Lymph Node Metastasis After Free Jejunal Reconstruction in Head and Neck Cancer
by Yuki Asahi, Tatsuhiko Yamada, Masashi Kuroki, Yuta Sato, Yoshihiro Tanaka, Manato Matsubara, Saki Akita, Rina Kato, Ryota Iinuma, Ryo Kawaura, Hiroshi Okuda, Kosuke Terazawa, Kenichi Mori, Hirofumi Shibata, Natsuko Ueda, Keishi Kohyama, Hisakazu Kato and Takenori Ogawa
Lymphatics 2025, 3(4), 29; https://doi.org/10.3390/lymphatics3040029 - 24 Sep 2025
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Abstract
Free jejunum is used for reconstruction after resection of advanced head and neck cancer. Postoperative transplanted mesenteric lymph nodes swelling is often experienced, but its clinical significance is unclear. This study included patients who underwent free jejunal reconstruction at Gifu University Hospital between [...] Read more.
Free jejunum is used for reconstruction after resection of advanced head and neck cancer. Postoperative transplanted mesenteric lymph nodes swelling is often experienced, but its clinical significance is unclear. This study included patients who underwent free jejunal reconstruction at Gifu University Hospital between March 2017 and November 2023. Regarding the size change of postoperative mesenteric lymph node and risk factors, the correlation with metastasis and prognosis was investigated. This study included 51 patients, of whom 16 cases (31.4%) had postoperative mesenteric lymph node swelling and 2 cases (3.9%) had metastasis. Only two cases with metastasis showed an increase in size of 5 mm or more. Many cases without extracapsular extension and cases of salvage surgery had postoperative mesenteric lymph node swelling (p = 0.0429, p = 0.0269). No correlation was found between postoperative mesenteric lymph node swelling and prognosis. However, because all cases with metastasis were included in cases of postoperative mesenteric lymph node swelling, this could be one factor in determining whether or not metastasis occurred. The transplanted mesenteric lymph node swelling is one of the important postoperative evaluation items, and additional evaluation such as PET-CT may be recommended. Full article
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