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Lymphatics, Volume 3, Issue 2 (June 2025) – 2 articles

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15 pages, 2994 KiB  
Review
Immunoglobulin-Related Fibroinflammatory Diseases of Uncertain Etiology—Polarized Isotype Switching Connects an Ancient with a Contemporary Disease
by Chi Sing Ng
Lymphatics 2025, 3(2), 10; https://doi.org/10.3390/lymphatics3020010 - 15 Apr 2025
Viewed by 145
Abstract
IgG4 is an unusual immunoglobulin (Ig) and is the least component of IgG in humans. It is often asymmetrical and heterobivalent with weak Fc (fragment crystallizable region)-dependent effector function and ineffective complement activation, thus playing an unclear role in immune functions. IgE is [...] Read more.
IgG4 is an unusual immunoglobulin (Ig) and is the least component of IgG in humans. It is often asymmetrical and heterobivalent with weak Fc (fragment crystallizable region)-dependent effector function and ineffective complement activation, thus playing an unclear role in immune functions. IgE is an uncommon Ig, being important mostly in allergy and type 2 immunity. There are two rare chronic Ig-related fibroinflammatory diseases, namely IgG4-related disease (IgG4RD) and Kimura disease (KD), characterized by prominent IgG4- or IgE-positive plasma cells in the affected tissues, with or without blood elevations of the same Ig. The etiology of these two Ig-related diseases is unclear, though it appears that the pathogenesis in both is related to polarized Ig heavy chain isotype switching, concomitant with other cellular, cytokine and chemotaxin interactions that culminates in the characteristic pathologic manifestations of inflammation and fibrosis. IgG4RD and KD, despite having overlapping and differing features, may be connected by the similar pathogenetic polarized Ig isotype switching. Full article
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24 pages, 4752 KiB  
Review
New Facets of Hematolymphoid Eponymic Diseases
by Chi Sing Ng and Jilong Qin
Lymphatics 2025, 3(2), 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/lymphatics3020009 - 9 Apr 2025
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Abstract
Disease eponyms can be confusing, difficult to remember, scientifically non-robust, and lacking in implications on and relationships with cell lineage, histogenesis, and pathogenesis. This review is geared toward revisiting hematolymphoid diseases with eponyms in light of recent advances in technology and science by [...] Read more.
Disease eponyms can be confusing, difficult to remember, scientifically non-robust, and lacking in implications on and relationships with cell lineage, histogenesis, and pathogenesis. This review is geared toward revisiting hematolymphoid diseases with eponyms in light of recent advances in technology and science by searching the past fifty years of the literature using Scopus and Google Scholar with the keywords “eponyms, hematolymphoid, diseases, lymphoma, benign, malignant, lymph node, spleen, liver, bone marrow, leukemia”. With advances in science and technology, there is accumulation of information on the morphologic nuances and immunologic, immunophenotypic, and genetic features of various hematolymphoid eponymic diseases, thus shedding light on important issues of etiology and pathogenesis with implications on therapy in various non-neoplastic (Castleman, Evans syndrome Kikuchi–Fujimoto, IgG4-related diseases) and neoplastic (Hodgkin, Burkitt, NK/T-cell lymphomas, dendritic/histiocytic neoplasms, and Sezary syndrome) diseases. This contributes to modern nomenclature, classification, subtyping, prognostication, and discoveries on new treatment strategies of hematolymphoid eponymic diseases. Full article
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