FinTech, Volume 4, Issue 2 (June 2025) – 10 articles

The Lithuanian financial technology (referred to as FinTech) sector is one of the fastest-growing financial technology centers in Europe; however, this sector faces economic, regulatory, and technological challenges that hinder its development. This article aims to assess the state of development of Lithuania’s FinTech sector, identify the main challenges, and provide recommendations to promote the development of the sector. This study uses quantitative indicators, inter-criteria correlation, multi-criteria evaluation methods, and SWOT analysis. This article’s results will help identify the key factors that influence the growth of the FinTech sector in Lithuania and will be useful in shaping the sector’s further development strategy. The results of this study revealed that factors such as favorable regulation influence the FinTech sector in Lithuania the most, strengthening the innovation ecosystem and attracting international investments. However, the sector still faces challenges such as a lack of skilled labor, ensuring cybersecurity, and constant regulatory adaptation to new technologies. Based on the results of this study, it is recommended to pay more attention to educational programs aimed at training technology specialists, to promote cooperation between the public and private sectors, and to further improve the regulatory environment to ensure the sustainable and safe development of FinTech. Full article

Swiss banks are at a pivotal moment as digital assets gain traction, presenting both challenges and opportunities. This study examines how Swiss banks can leverage their internal resources and capabilities to establish a competitive advantage in the digital asset ecosystem. Using the Resource-Based View and the VRIO (Value, Rarity, Imitability, and Organization) framework, this study investigates the strategic importance of key services such as custody, staking, and tokenization. Drawing on expert interviews with Swiss banking leaders, this research identifies these services as vital for maintaining Switzerland’s financial leadership. Findings suggest that Swiss banks’ established reputation for trust, combined with regulatory clarity under the Distributed Ledger Technology Act, creates a strong foundation for digital asset adoption. While digital asset custody services address the growing demand for security, tokenization presents significant growth potential, particularly in real-world asset markets. This study concludes that Swiss banks can sustain their competitive edge by investing in blockchain expertise, fostering fintech partnerships, and enhancing educational initiatives. By combining traditional banking strengths with innovative digital asset services, Swiss banks are well positioned to capitalize on this evolving financial landscape. Full article

Financial technology (FinTech) rapidly transforms financial landscapes across ASEAN-4 countries by enhancing financial inclusion and digital service accessibility. However, the key factors driving FinTech development in these economies remain ambiguous. While existing studies highlight the economic and technological aspects of FinTech adoption, limited research distinguishes the unique conditions shaping FinTech’s evolution in developing ASEAN markets. This study bridges this gap by identifying economic and non-economic determinants and exploring their mediating effects. This research aims to investigate the primary drivers of FinTech development in ASEAN-4, emphasizing the roles of financial access and technological readiness as mediators in fostering a sustainable FinTech ecosystem. Utilizing structural equation modeling (SEM) with SmartPLS3, this study analyzes secondary data from 2008 to 2018, evaluating macroeconomic indicators, banking conditions, internet penetration, innovation levels, population dynamics, and human development factors. General banking conditions, access to finance, and technological readiness significantly impact FinTech development. Additionally, financial accessibility and technological infrastructure mediate the influence of economic stability, innovation, and digital penetration on FinTech growth. This study underscores policymakers’ and stakeholders’ need to enhance digital infrastructure and financial accessibility to accelerate FinTech growth. Strengthening financial ecosystems will drive digital transformation and economic resilience in emerging ASEAN economies. Full article

This study investigates how the rise of commission-free FinTech platforms and the introduction of fractional trading (FT) have altered trading behavior and order book dynamics in the NASDAQ equity market. Leveraging high-frequency ITCH data from highly capitalized stocks—AAPL, AMZN, GOOG, and TSLA—we analyze market microstructure changes surrounding the implementation of FT. Our empirical findings show a statistically significant increase in price levels, average tick sizes, and price volatility in the post-FinTech-FT period, alongside elevated price impact factors (PIFs), indicating steeper and less liquid limit order books. These shifts reflect greater participation by non-professional investors with limited order placement precision, contributing to noisier price discovery and heightened intraday risk. The altered liquidity landscape and increased volatility raise important questions about the resilience and informational efficiency of modern equity markets under democratized access. Our findings contribute to the growing literature on retail trading and provide actionable insights for market regulators and exchanges evaluating the design and oversight of evolving trading mechanisms. Full article

This paper explores the current use of crypto-assets for payments, focusing mostly on unbacked crypto-assets, while selectively referring to stablecoins. Although some specific characteristics of crypto-assets, such as their price volatility and unclear legal settlement, render them unsuitable for payments, the rapid technological and regulatory developments in the area of crypto-assets-based payments justify monitoring developments in this area. We therefore try to answer the research questions of which/why/how/where/by whom crypto-assets are used for (retail) payments. We analyse and describe a variety of ways in which crypto-assets are used for making payments, focusing on the period from 2019 to 2023 in Europe and worldwide, based on the publicly available statistical data and literature. We identify and exemplify the main use cases, payment methods, DeFi protocols, and payment gateways, and analyse payments with crypto-assets based on location and market participants. In addition, we describe and analyse the integration of crypto-assets into existing commercial payment services. Our work contributes to understanding the shifting domain of crypto-assets-based payments and provides insights into the monitoring of relevant developments via various dimensions that need to keep being explored, with the objective of contributing to the maintenance of the integrity and stability of the financial ecosystem. Full article

Initially designed as an automated ledger tool, Excel swiftly evolved into a data analytics platform for financial analysts to execute intricate financial analyses. Excel is so commonplace in the financial industry that many do not even consider it a fintech tool. The transformation of Excel from a simple ledger tool to a low-code machine learning (mL) platform is not a traditional focus for fintech. The transformation of Excel into an mL platform will let financial analysts and quantitative analyses quickly evolve financial models in Excel to use advanced mL techniques. The low-code interface lets analysts quickly build predictive models. This paper explores how Excel has evolved into a low-code machine platform for financial applications along with the risks associated with Excel’s new functionality. Full article

In the context of rapid advancements in financial technologies and the evolving demand of the digital economy, this study explores the transformative impact of FinTech and artificial intelligence (AI) on the banking sector, with a particular focus on payment systems. By examining innovative financial instruments and AI-driven solutions, this research investigates how these technologies enhance efficiency, security, and customer experience in banking operations. This study evaluates the integration of AI in payment systems, including its role in predictive analytics, fraud detection, and personalization, while aligning with global trends in digital transformation and sustainability. Adopting an interdisciplinary approach, this analysis highlights scalable and resilient strategies that address emerging challenges in the financial ecosystem. The findings provide a comprehensive framework for leveraging AI and FinTech to drive the evolution of banking services, supporting the transition toward a more innovative, digitalized, and sustainable financial future. Full article

This study examines the effect of FinTech on entrepreneurial performance and the essentiality of tax compliance and entrepreneurial orientation. Drawing on information from small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Greece and utilizing Structural Equation Modeling techniques, our study shows that FinTech plays a key role in improving tax adherence and entrepreneurial mindsets, which subsequently enhances entrepreneurial success. FinTech promotes greater transparency, easier reporting, and less compliance burdens. Companies that make use of FinTech tools see enhancements in meeting tax regulation requirements efficiently and effectively without being weighed down by compliance issues that take up resources meant for innovation and strategic development instead. Moreover, this research highlights the impact of incorporating financial technology solutions for improved management and cultivating an innovative and forward-thinking environment. It highlights the importance of implementing strategies to boost FinTech adoption and foster entrepreneurial achievements, effectively sliding tax compliance into focus. Our research identifies the revolutionary impact of FinTech tools and sheds light on how technological progress can fuel entrepreneurship and improve business outcomes overall. Full article

The Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation (MiCA) is a comprehensive European Union regulatory framework aimed at harmonizing the crypto-asset market. The existing literature has mainly examined MiCA from a legal perspective, while empirical assessments of industry perspectives remain scarce. In this study, we examine MiCA’s impact on the crypto market and its implications for both theory and practice by analyzing and integrating insights from 12 expert interviews. The findings reveal perceived benefits arising from the unified market, enhanced investor protection, and compliance clarity, alongside challenges related to the high regulatory burden, legal ambiguities, and limited innovation support. On this basis, we provide recommendations for improving the regulatory framework and its implementation. Furthermore, we integrate our findings within the technology–organization–environment (TOE) framework to provide a theory-based starting point for rigorous academic research. These findings contribute to regulatory discourse and offer practical guidance for the relevant stakeholders, including businesses, regulators, policymakers, and academics. Full article

The need for a sustainable economy has grown as technological advancements increasingly influence economic and social structures. This study investigates the role of FinTech and artificial intelligence (AI) in fostering sustainable development by facilitating green initiatives and promoting social responsibility. The research hypothesis posits that FinTech enables better access to financing for economic and social development projects, while AI enhances decision-making processes critical to the implementation of these initiatives. Through a qualitative approach, this study analyzes the interactions between FinTech, AI, and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), exploring whether their relationship is bilateral or unidirectional. Using a quantitative approach, this study employs Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to examine the key factors influencing bank account ownership across different demographic groups and time periods. PCA is utilized to reduce data dimensionality while preserving the most significant variance, enabling the identification of underlying patterns in financial inclusion determinants. Meanwhile, ANOVA is applied to assess statistical differences in bank account ownership across demographic categories and the pre-pandemic, during-pandemic, and post-pandemic periods, highlighting the impact of digital financial services on financial inclusion trends in Europe. The findings suggest that both technologies play a significant role in supporting sustainability, with FinTech providing the necessary financial tools and AI optimizing decision-making. Furthermore, this study identifies barriers, such as regulatory challenges and technological gaps, that hinder the full integration of these technologies into sustainable development practices. It also highlights facilitators, such as policy support and technological innovation, that accelerate their adoption. The conclusions emphasize the transformative potential of FinTech and AI in achieving robust economic growth, reducing inequalities, and fostering a new cultural approach to resource management and societal responsibility. Full article