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Thermo, Volume 6, Issue 1

2026 March - 22 articles

Cover Story: This study explores the synergy between the porosity of the material and the geometric design of a 3D-printed foamed concrete building block. Using 2D numerical thermal analysis, the study investigates the effect of sinusoidal internal partitions and varying porosity levels (10% to 50%) on the energy efficiency of a single block. The results challenge traditional trade-offs: increasing porosity simultaneously improves steady-state thermal transmittance by 31% and periodic transmittance by 12.3%. This is driven by a reduction in thermal conductivity, which overcompensates for the loss of thermal mass. With additive manufacturing geometric freedom, the study identifies configurations that optimize thermal comfort and ensure sustainable, energy-efficient building envelopes. View this paper
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Articles (22)

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,553 Views
50 Pages

Thermodynamic Optimization of a Combined Cycle Cogeneration System for Petroleum Refinery Applications

  • Martín Salazar-Pereyra,
  • Ladislao Eduardo Méndez-Cruz,
  • Wenceslao Bonilla-Blancas,
  • Raúl Lugo-Leyte,
  • Sergio Castro-Hernández and
  • Helen D. Lugo-Méndez

23 March 2026

Cogeneration system optimization in refineries confronts the challenge of simultaneously integrating design parameter selection and topological configuration. The literature typically addresses these aspects separately: parametric optimization with f...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thermodynamic Analysis and Optimization of Energy Systems)
  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,936 Views
28 Pages

Thermodynamic Assessment of Heat Pump Configurations for Waste Heat Integrated Carnot Batteries

  • Márcio Santos,
  • André Sousa,
  • Jorge André,
  • Ricardo Mendes and
  • José B. Ribeiro

23 March 2026

Carnot batteries based on the coupling of high-temperature heat pumps (HTHPs) and Organic Rankine Cycles (ORCs) emerge as promising solutions for large-scale and long-duration energy storage, enabling sector coupling and the valorization of industria...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
687 Views
24 Pages

20 March 2026

Ensuring the required microclimate parameters is the most critical task in hot climates. In pig farms, air cooling is provided by means of steam-compression chillers or evaporative cooling, which is the simplest way to cool the air. The implementatio...

(This article belongs to the Topic Clean Energy Technologies and Assessment, 2nd Edition)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,454 Views
30 Pages

3 March 2026

While twisted tape inserts are widely used for heat transfer enhancement, the specific impact of tape thickness remains under-explored. This study provides a systematic numerical investigation into the thermo-hydraulic performance of a double-pipe he...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,707 Views
28 Pages

An Analysis of Three-Stage Thermodynamic Cycles

  • José-María Martínez-Val and
  • Ignacio López-Paniagua

3 March 2026

Thermodynamic cycles used with external combustion are typically based on compression, heating, expansion and cooling, admitting variants to enhance efficiency or power. This paper carries out a thorough theoretical study of isochoric heating and non...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,550 Views
27 Pages

Impact of Inlet Configuration and Flow Rates on Thermal Storage Stratification and Efficiency

  • Aiym Kereikulova,
  • Yelnar Yerdesh,
  • Yerzhan Belyayev,
  • Amankeldy Toleukhanov,
  • Olivier Botella,
  • Abdelhamid Kheiri and
  • Mohammed Khalij

27 February 2026

Thermal stratification strongly affects the efficiency and operational reliability of sensible thermal energy storage (TES) tanks in energy systems. This study numerically investigates the combined influence of inlet configuration and mass flow rate...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,725 Views
22 Pages

A CFD Model for the Evaporation of Sub-Micron Droplet Sprays Across Normal Shocks

  • Masoud Sahami,
  • Hojat Ghassemi,
  • Angel Terziev,
  • Kostadin Fikiin,
  • Borislav Stankov,
  • George Pitchurov and
  • Martin Ivanov

25 February 2026

The rapid evaporation of liquid droplets across a normal shock wave is a phenomenon of critical importance in advanced propulsion and clean energy systems, such as NH3 supersonic separation. The conventional Spalding d2-law is commonly used to model...

  • Review
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,864 Views
23 Pages

19 February 2026

Thermochemical conversion of plastic waste to hydrogen and synthesis gas represents a potential pathway for energy recovery from heterogeneous waste streams. The feasibility and performance of such systems are fundamentally governed by thermodynamic...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,052 Views
18 Pages

Preliminary Optimization of Steady-State and Dynamic Thermal Performance of 3D Printed Foamed Concrete

  • Fabio Iozzino,
  • Andrea Fragnito,
  • Gerardo Maria Mauro and
  • Carlo Roselli

17 February 2026

The integration of Foamed Concrete (FC) into 3D Concrete Printing (3DCP) processes facilitates the design of energy-efficient building envelopes. However, strategies for optimizing material porosity and printing topology to balance winter and summer...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,762 Views
26 Pages

3 February 2026

Photovoltaic–thermal (PVT) collectors often experience limited heat extraction under laminar cooling conditions, and the influence of controlled flow pulsation on full-scale PVT performance has not been clearly established. This study experimen...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,208 Views
18 Pages

Multi-Chiller Plant Under Demand Uncertainties: Predictive Versus Planned Approaches

  • Manuel G. Satué,
  • Alfredo P. Vega-Leal,
  • Juana M. Martínez-Heredia and
  • Manuel R. Arahal

3 February 2026

Recently, different techniques have been proposed for the scheduling and loading problems in cooling plants with chillers in a parallel configuration. Two broad groups can be considered: the online control-based group and the offline optimization-bas...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,395 Views
11 Pages

Thermal Analysis-Based Elucidation of the Phase Behavior in the HBTA:TOPO Binary System

  • Stanislava Ivanova,
  • Charles F. Croft,
  • Tsveta Sarafska,
  • James N. Smith,
  • Lea Kukoc,
  • Spas D. Kolev and
  • Tony G. Spassov

25 January 2026

The development of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) is a key issue for the realization of green and efficient metal extraction processes. The present study aims to experimentally construct the phase diagram of the binary system consisting of tri-n-octyl...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,746 Views
17 Pages

Experimental Thermal Study of the Materials Used in the Construction of Combustion Chamber of Firewood Stoves in Southern Mexico and Central America

  • Edwin N. Hernandez-Estrada,
  • José B. Robles-Ocampo,
  • Perla Y. Sevilla-Camacho,
  • Marco Antonio Zúñiga Reyes,
  • Roberto Adrian González Domínguez and
  • Juvenal Rodriguez-Resendiz

21 January 2026

A firewood stove’s combustion chamber can withstand temperatures of 1500 °C. To prevent the deterioration of a firewood stove due to excessive heat, it is necessary to use thermal insulation materials that stop heat transfer to the walls. T...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
945 Views
22 Pages

The Influence of Mechanochemical Activation on the Properties of a Double Complex Salt [Co(NH3)6][Fe(CN)6] and Its Thermolysis Products

  • Alevtina Gosteva,
  • Alexander M. Kalinkin,
  • Vladimir Vinogradov,
  • Diana Manukovskaya,
  • Viktor Nikolaev,
  • Vasilii Semushin and
  • Maria Teplonogova

19 January 2026

Double complex salts (DCSs) of the composition [Co(NH3)6][Fe(CN)6] are a promising precursor for the preparation of catalysts for the hydrogenation of carbon oxides (CO and CO2) by Fischer–Tropsch synthesis. The specific surface area is an impo...

(This article belongs to the Topic Clean Energy Technologies and Assessment, 2nd Edition)
  • Article
  • Open Access
746 Views
23 Pages

On the Heat Transfer Process in a System of Two Convex Bodies Separated by a Vacuum—Mathematical Description and Solution Construction

  • Rogério Pazetto Saldanha da Gama,
  • Rogério Martins Saldanha da Gama and
  • Maria Laura Martins-Costa

16 January 2026

This work presents a straightforward procedure for constructing the solution to the steady-state energy-transfer process in a system of two convex, opaque, gray bodies, with the aim of determining the temperature distribution within these bodies when...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,851 Views
23 Pages

Analysis of Thermodynamic Processes in Thermal Energy Storage Vessels

  • Laszlo Garbai,
  • Robert Santa and
  • Mladen Bošnjaković

6 January 2026

To balance the quantity of heat generated and consumed, thermal energy storage systems are crucial for power plants and district heating systems. Particularly when phase transitions and pressure variations are not adequately covered in the existing l...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Latent Thermal Energy Storage: Materials, Modeling, and System Integration)
  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
6,487 Views
30 Pages

Battery Electric Vehicle Thermal Management System Modelling and Validation

  • Perla Yadav,
  • Lakith Jinadasa,
  • Alex Wray,
  • Simon Petrovich,
  • Marios Georgiou and
  • Kambiz Ebrahimi

5 January 2026

Improving the architecture and control strategies of thermal management systems (TMSs) is crucial for minimizing energy consumption in heating and cooling components, thereby enhancing the driving range of Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs). This study...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,159 Views
25 Pages

Development and Performance of a Vacuum-Based Seawater Desalination System Driven by a Solar Water Heater

  • Wichean Singmai,
  • Pichet Janpla,
  • Suparat Jamsawang,
  • Kittiwoot Sutthivirode and
  • Tongchana Thongtip

26 December 2025

This work proposes the design, construction, and field test of a vacuum seawater desalination system (VSDS) driven by an evacuated tube solar collector (with a total absorption area of 1.86 m2) under tropical climatic condition (Thailand ambient at l...

  • Article
  • Open Access
738 Views
21 Pages

26 December 2025

In this study, the thermomechanical behavior of a variable cross-section rod with fixed ends is studied using an analytical method. A rod with a radius that varies quadratically with length is considered, and it is thermally insulated on its side sur...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
1,741 Views
21 Pages

Performance Enhancement of Latent Heat Storage Using Extended-Y-Fin Designs

  • Aurang Zaib,
  • Abdur Rehman Mazhar,
  • Cheng Zeng,
  • Tariq Talha and
  • Hasan Aftab Saeed

26 December 2025

The low thermal conductivity of phase-change materials (PCMs) remains a key limitation in latent heat thermal energy storage systems, leading to slow melting and incomplete energy recovery. To address this challenge, this study explores extended Y-Fi...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Latent Thermal Energy Storage: Materials, Modeling, and System Integration)
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Thermo - ISSN 2673-7264