The Association between Disordered Eating Behavior and Body Image Biological Maturation and Levels of Adipocytokines in Preadolescent Girls: The Healthy Growth Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Population Sample
4.2. Data Collection
4.3. Measures
4.3.1. Questionnaires
4.3.2. Physical Examination and Anthropometry
4.3.3. Biochemical Indices
4.4. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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TS1 (Mean ± SD) | TS2 (Mean ± SD) | TS3 (Mean ± SD) | TS4 (Mean ± SD) | TS5 (Mean ± SD) | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N = 1206 | 261 | 469 | 314 | 132 | 30 | |
Age (years) | 10.6 ± 0.6 a,b,c,d | 11.1 ± 0.7 a,e,f,g | 11.4 ± 0.6 b,e | 11.5 ± 0.7 c,f | 11.7 ± 0.6 d,g | 0.001 + |
Weight (kg) | 37.6 ± 8.8 a,b,c,d | 43.9 ± 9.4 a,e,f,g | 49 ± 10.4 b,e,h,i | 52.1 ± 10.2 c,f,h | 55.7 ± 8.8 d,g,i | 0.001 + |
Height (cm) | 142.6 ± 7.3 a,b,c,d | 148.3 ± 6.9 a,e,f,g | 152.8 ± 6.8 b,e,h,i | 155 ± 7.1 c,f,h | 156.6 ± 5.7 d,g,i | 0.001 + |
BMI | 18.4 ± 3.3 a,b,c,d | 19.9 ± 3.6 a,e,f,g | 20.9 ± 3.6 b,e | 21.6 ± 3.4 c,f | 22.7 ± 3.3 d,g | 0.001 + |
Leptin (µg/mL) | 8.9 ± 7.5 a,b,c | 11.4 ± 9.5 a,d | 14.1 ± 10.7 b,d | 14 ± 10.3 c | 14.2 ± 8.2 | 0.001 + |
Adiponectin *(µg/mL) | 7.8 ± 3.4 a,b | 7.1 ± 3.1 a | 7.2 ± 3.3 | 6.8 ± 2.7 | 5.6 ± 2.01 b | 0.002 ++ |
Components of Eating Questionnaires | TS 1 (Mean ± SD) | TS 2 (Mean ± SD) | TS 3 (Mean ± SD) | TS 4 (Mean ± SD) | TS 5 (Mean ± SD) | p-Value ++ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DEBQ | ||||||
Emotional eating score | 22.86 ± 11.58 | 22.88 ± 9.64 | 23.51 ± 9.73 | 21.92 ± 9.12 | 20.48 ± 6.54 | 0.38 |
External eating score | 24.81 ± 6.74 | 24.51 ± 9.14 | 24.45 ± 6.41 | 23.95 ± 6.68 | 23.04 ± 5.93 | 0.43 |
Restraint eating score | 24.66 ± 9 a,b | 26.56 ± 9.83 | 27.22 ± 9.15 a | 29.09 ± 9.05 b | 29.1 ± 8.83 | <0.01 |
ChEAT | ||||||
Total dieting score | 6.73 ± 3.71 | 7.08 ± 3.73 | 7.27 ± 3.83 | 7.42 ± 3.46 | 7.8 ± 3.81 | 0.11 |
Total body image score | 10.2 ± 5.06 a,b,c | 11.54 ± 4.77 a | 12.07 ± 4.87 b | 12.75 ± 4.52 c | 12 ± 4.74 | <0.01 |
Total food preoccupation score | 6.71 ± 3.41 | 6.61 ± 3.23 | 6.67 ± 3.53 | 6.61 ± 3.12 | 6.1 ± 3.1 | 0.91 |
Total food awareness | 9.18 ± 3.75 | 9.04 ± 3.8 | 8.93 ± 3.61 | 9.45 ± 3.51 | 8.31 ± 3.19 | 0.51 |
Total social pressure to eat score | 5.47 ± 3.05 a,b,c | 5 ± 3.14 | 4.68 ± 2.93 a | 4.43 ± 2.92 b | 4 ± 2.75 c | <0.01 |
Components of Eating Questionnaires | ADIPONECTIN a (µg/mL) | LEPTIN a (µg/mL) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
β | p-Value | β | p-Value | |
DEBQ components | ||||
Emotional eating score a | 0.04 | 0.33 | −0.03 | 0.63 |
External eating score a | 0.08 | 0.12 | −0.34 | <0.01 |
Restraint eating score a | −0.06 | 0.14 | 0.84 | <0.01 |
ChEAT components | ||||
Total dieting score a | −0.04 | 0.13 | 0.52 | <0.01 |
Total body image score a | -0.03 | 0.20 | 0.60 | <0.01 |
Total food preoccupation score a | 0.02 | 0.52 | 0.07 | 0.21 |
Total food awareness a | −0.02 | 0.58 | 0.25 | <0.01 |
Total social pressure to eat score a | 0.08 | <0.01 | −0.39 | <0.01 |
ADIPONECTIN a (mg/mL) | LEPTIN a (mg/mL) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
β | p-Value | β | p-Value | |
DEBQ components | ||||
Emotional eating score a | 0.01 | 0.60 | 0.02 | 0.38 |
External eating score a | 0.02 | 0.51 | −0.01 | 0.90 |
Restraint eating score a | 0.05 | 0.15 | 0.02 | 0.29 |
ChEAT components | ||||
Total dieting score a | 0.04 | 0.19 | 0.01 | 0.55 |
Total body image score a | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.02 |
Total food preoccupation score a | 0.02 | 0.42 | 0.01 | 0.65 |
Total food awareness a | 0.02 | 0.50 | −0.01 | 0.81 |
Total social pressure to eat score a | 0.04 | 0.21 | 0.03 | 0.11 |
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Vassilopoulou, E.; Tsironis, V.; Karaglani, E.; Sarapis, K.; Vasileiadi, E.; Mavrogianni, C.; Chouliaras, G.; Manios, Y.; Moschonis, G. The Association between Disordered Eating Behavior and Body Image Biological Maturation and Levels of Adipocytokines in Preadolescent Girls: The Healthy Growth Study. Women 2021, 1, 169-180. https://doi.org/10.3390/women1040015
Vassilopoulou E, Tsironis V, Karaglani E, Sarapis K, Vasileiadi E, Mavrogianni C, Chouliaras G, Manios Y, Moschonis G. The Association between Disordered Eating Behavior and Body Image Biological Maturation and Levels of Adipocytokines in Preadolescent Girls: The Healthy Growth Study. Women. 2021; 1(4):169-180. https://doi.org/10.3390/women1040015
Chicago/Turabian StyleVassilopoulou, Emilia, Vasilios Tsironis, Eva Karaglani, Katerina Sarapis, Emmanouela Vasileiadi, Christina Mavrogianni, Giorgos Chouliaras, Yannis Manios, and George Moschonis. 2021. "The Association between Disordered Eating Behavior and Body Image Biological Maturation and Levels of Adipocytokines in Preadolescent Girls: The Healthy Growth Study" Women 1, no. 4: 169-180. https://doi.org/10.3390/women1040015