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Article

Custom Mobile Application Development for Demonstrating Malus’s Law Using LEGO EV3 and Integrated Light Sensors

by
Uriel Rivera-Ortega
*,
Antonio Barcelata-Pinzon
and
Griselda Saldaña-Gonzalez
Mechatronics Division, Universidad Tecnológica de Puebla, Puebla 72300, Pue., Mexico
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Physics 2025, 7(4), 67; https://doi.org/10.3390/physics7040067
Submission received: 1 September 2025 / Revised: 23 October 2025 / Accepted: 27 October 2025 / Published: 16 December 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Physics Education)

Abstract

In this study, we present the custom development and implementation of a mobile application designed specifically to experiment with Malus’s law, leveraging the integration of a LEGO EV3 and the light sensor of a mobile device. Unlike previous studies that utilize pre-designed mobile applications, our approach focuses on creating a tailored solution that meets the unique requirements of this optical experiment. Using MIT App Inventor, we developed a customized interface that allows for the rotation of polarizers controlled by motors connected to a LEGO EV3 while simultaneously measuring the light intensity using the mobile’s light sensor. The block-based programming in App Inventor facilitates the application of programming concepts in creating physics experiments in a straightforward manner. This innovative approach not only facilitates the understanding of fundamental optical concepts but also integrates accessible technology to enrich the educational experience in physics, offering a customizable solution adaptable to various educational settings. Preliminary results indicate a significant improvement in students’ comprehension of optical polarization principles, demonstrating the effectiveness of our approach.
Keywords: Malus’s law; LEGO EV3; App Inventor; optical polarization; physics education-technology Malus’s law; LEGO EV3; App Inventor; optical polarization; physics education-technology
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MDPI and ACS Style

Rivera-Ortega, U.; Barcelata-Pinzon, A.; Saldaña-Gonzalez, G. Custom Mobile Application Development for Demonstrating Malus’s Law Using LEGO EV3 and Integrated Light Sensors. Physics 2025, 7, 67. https://doi.org/10.3390/physics7040067

AMA Style

Rivera-Ortega U, Barcelata-Pinzon A, Saldaña-Gonzalez G. Custom Mobile Application Development for Demonstrating Malus’s Law Using LEGO EV3 and Integrated Light Sensors. Physics. 2025; 7(4):67. https://doi.org/10.3390/physics7040067

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rivera-Ortega, Uriel, Antonio Barcelata-Pinzon, and Griselda Saldaña-Gonzalez. 2025. "Custom Mobile Application Development for Demonstrating Malus’s Law Using LEGO EV3 and Integrated Light Sensors" Physics 7, no. 4: 67. https://doi.org/10.3390/physics7040067

APA Style

Rivera-Ortega, U., Barcelata-Pinzon, A., & Saldaña-Gonzalez, G. (2025). Custom Mobile Application Development for Demonstrating Malus’s Law Using LEGO EV3 and Integrated Light Sensors. Physics, 7(4), 67. https://doi.org/10.3390/physics7040067

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