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Article

The Effect of Exposure Condition on the Composition of the Corrosion Layers of the San Carlone of Arona

by
Chiara Petiti
1,
Barbara Salvadori
2,
Silvia Vettori
2,
Jean Marie Welter
3,
Paulina Guzmán García Lascurain
1,
Lucia Toniolo
1 and
Sara Goidanich
1,*
1
Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
2
Institute of Heritage Science-National Research Council (ISPC-CNR), Via Madonna del Piano, 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
3
Independent Researcher, 1361 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Heritage 2023, 6(12), 7531-7546; https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage6120395
Submission received: 29 September 2023 / Revised: 21 November 2023 / Accepted: 23 November 2023 / Published: 30 November 2023
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Abstract

The Colossus of San Carlo Borromeo, named San Carlone for its large dimensions, represents a unique opportunity to study the long-term effects of atmospheric corrosion on patina formation on historic copper sheets. The sculpture’s large dimensions, complex geometry, direct visitor interaction, and exposure conditions generate different microclimates. The purpose of this study is to understand how and to what extent these microclimates affect the formation of the copper patinas. The results show that microclimates play a key role in patina formation: in external surfaces exposed to rain, the main constituent is brochantite, whereas a wider variety of corrosion products have been found in sheltered and internal surfaces, such as antlerite, atacamite, copper oxalate, posnjakite, and anglesite.
Keywords: historic copper; patina of corrosion layers; atmospheric corrosion; cultural heritage; long term patina formation historic copper; patina of corrosion layers; atmospheric corrosion; cultural heritage; long term patina formation

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MDPI and ACS Style

Petiti, C.; Salvadori, B.; Vettori, S.; Welter, J.M.; Guzmán García Lascurain, P.; Toniolo, L.; Goidanich, S. The Effect of Exposure Condition on the Composition of the Corrosion Layers of the San Carlone of Arona. Heritage 2023, 6, 7531-7546. https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage6120395

AMA Style

Petiti C, Salvadori B, Vettori S, Welter JM, Guzmán García Lascurain P, Toniolo L, Goidanich S. The Effect of Exposure Condition on the Composition of the Corrosion Layers of the San Carlone of Arona. Heritage. 2023; 6(12):7531-7546. https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage6120395

Chicago/Turabian Style

Petiti, Chiara, Barbara Salvadori, Silvia Vettori, Jean Marie Welter, Paulina Guzmán García Lascurain, Lucia Toniolo, and Sara Goidanich. 2023. "The Effect of Exposure Condition on the Composition of the Corrosion Layers of the San Carlone of Arona" Heritage 6, no. 12: 7531-7546. https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage6120395

APA Style

Petiti, C., Salvadori, B., Vettori, S., Welter, J. M., Guzmán García Lascurain, P., Toniolo, L., & Goidanich, S. (2023). The Effect of Exposure Condition on the Composition of the Corrosion Layers of the San Carlone of Arona. Heritage, 6(12), 7531-7546. https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage6120395

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