Thirty-Two Years of Integrating Archaeology and Heritage Management in Belize: A Brief History of the Belize Valley Archaeological Reconnaissance (BVAR) Project’s Engagement with the Public
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Project History
“The reason for investigating Cahal Pech were, and are, developmental and research oriented. In reference to the former our objectives were to, (1) halt further destruction of the center, (2) produce a map of the site demarcating an area to be established as a National Park, and (3) obtain the data necessary to publish a preliminary guidebook for use in schools and for promoting tourism. Our research interests were concerned with the diachronic development of the site, plus a study of the architectural, artistic and socio-political relationship between Cahal Pech and sites in the Belize River Valley Region”.[4] (pg. 1)
3. Conserving the Past for the Future: Lessons Learned During the Past K’atun and a Half
4. Education and Training Lessons
5. Heritage and Outreach Lessons
6. Discussion
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sub-Project Name/Acronym | Year(s) | Sites Investigated | Directors and Senior Staff | Research Report/Publication |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ancient Maya Agriculture Project (AMPa) | 1979–1987 | Caracol Caledonia Pacbitun | Paul Healy Jaime Awe | Awe, MA (1985) Bill, MA (1989) |
1988–1996 | Cahal Pech (site core and periphery) | Jaime Awe Jim Aimers Cassandra Bill Shawn Brisbin Mark Campbell David Cheetham Jim Conlon Sean Goldsmith Gyles Iannone Terry Powis Sonja Schwake Rhan-Ju Song Kay Sunahara James Stemp Norbert Stanchly | BVAR 1988 Field Season BVAR 1989 Field Season BVAR 1990 Field Season BVAR 1991 Field Season BVAR 1992 Field Season BVAR 1993 Field Season BVAR 1994 Field Season, Vol 1 BVAR 1994 Field Season, Vol 2 BVAR 1995 Field Season BVAR 1996 Field Season Awe, PhD (1992) Powis, MA (1996) Iannone, MA (1993) Ph.D. (1996) Goldsmith, MA (1993) Cheetham, MA (1998) Schwake, MA (2000) | |
1992–1996 | Baking Pot (site core and periphery) | Jaime Awe Jim Aimers Carolyn Audet Jim Conlon Jennifer Ehret Josalyn Ferguson Charles Golden Gyles Iannone Alan Moore Jennifer Piehl | BVAR 1992 Field Season BVAR 1993 Field Season BVAR 1994 Field Season, Vol 1 BVAR 1994 Field Season, Vol 2 BVAR 1995 Field Season BVAR 1996 Field Season Ferguson, MA (1999) Moore, PhD (1999) Audet, Honors (2000) Aimers, PhD (2002) Piehl, PhD (2005) | |
1997 | Pacbitun | Jaime Awe Bobbi Hohmann Terry Powis | BVAR 1997 Field Season Hohmann, PhD (2002) | |
Western Belize Regional Cave Project (WBRCP) | 1997–2003 | Actun Tunichil Muknal (ATM) Actun Uayazaba Kab Actun Yaxteel Ahau Actun Chapat Actun Nak Beh Barton Creek Cave Actun Halal Rockshelter Actun Oxyehub Cueva Migdalia Actun Chuplal Chechem Ha cave Pook’s Hill | Jaime Awe Cameron Griffith Holley Moyes Joselyn Ferguson Sherry Gibbs Rafael Guerra Christina Halperin Christophe Helmke Reiko Ishihara Sarah Jack Vanessa Mirro Mike Mirro | BVAR 1997 Field Season BVAR 1998 Field Season BVAR 1999 Field Season BVAR 2000 Field Season BVAR 2001 Field Season BVAR 2002 Field Season BVAR 2003 Field Season BVAR 2007 Field Season Gibbs, MA (2000) Halperin, MA (2000) Morehart, MA (2002) Moyes, MA (2001), Moyes PhD (2006) V.A. Mirro, MA (2002) Jack, BA (2004) M. Mirro, MA (2006) Galvan, MA (2016) |
2000–2004 | Baking Pot (site core and periphery) | Jaime Awe Carolyn Audet Antonio Beardall Christine Dixon Rafael Guerra Sue Hayes Julie Hoggarth William Poe Leslie Swain Erin Weller | BVAR 2000 Field Season BVAR 2001 Field Season BVAR 2002 Field Season BVAR 2003 Field Season BVAR 2004 Field Season Audet, PhD (2006) | |
Tourism Development Project (TDP) | 2000–2004 | Caracol | Jaime Awe Sherry Gibbs Myka Schwanke Rafael Guerra Erin Weller | BVAR 2002 Field Season |
Tourism Development Project (TDP) | 2000–2004 | Cahal Pech | Jaime Awe Carolyn Audet | Audet, PhD (2006) |
Tourism Development Project (TDP) | 2000–2004 | Xunantunich | Jaime Awe Carolyn Audet | Audet, PhD (2006) |
Tourism Development Project (TDP) | 2000–2004 | Altun Ha | Jaime Awe | |
Tourism Development Project (TDP) | 2000–2004 | Lamanai | Jaime Awe | |
Tourism Development Project (TDP) | 2000–2004 | Lubaantun | Jaime Awe | |
Chalillo Dam Mitigation | 2003–2005 | Upper Macal and Raspaculo River valleys (various sites) | Jaime Awe Rafael Guerra Myka Schwanke Douglas Weinberg | |
Roaring Creek Valley | 2005–2008 | Pook’s Hill | Jaime Awe Christophe Helmke Joselyn Ferguson Rafael Guerra Christopher Morehart | BVAR 2005 Field Season BVAR 2006 Field Season BVAR 2007 Field Season Helmke, PhD (2009) |
Caves Branch River Valley | 2005–2007 | Caves Branch Rockshelter Deep Valley Rockshelter Baateelek | Jaime Awe Rafael Guerra Bryan Haley Jessica Hardy Jillian Jordan Shawn Morton Gabriel Wrobel | BVAR 2005 Field Season BVAR 2006 Field Season BVAR 2007 Field Season Jordan, MA (2008) |
2007 | Baking Pot (site core) | Jaime Awe Christophe Helmke Muggs Alexander Julie Knub Jillian Jordan | BVAR 2007 Field Season | |
2007–2013 | Baking Pot (periphery) | Jaime Awe Julie Hoggarth Sarah Bednar Leann DuMenil Rafael Guerra Jillian Jordan Céline Lamb Eva Jobbova Phylicia Pelayo Josue Ramos Catharina Santasilia Ben Russell Christina Zweig | BVAR 2007 Field Season BVAR 2008 Field Season BVAR 2009 Field Season BVAR 2010 Field Season BVAR 2011 Field Season BVAR 2012 Field Season BVAR 2013 Field Season Jobbova, MA (2009) Johnson, BA Honors (2010) Freiwald, PhD (2011) Hoggarth, PhD (2012) DuMenil, MA (2014) | |
2010–2019 | Lower Dover (site core) | Jaime Awe Rafael Guerra Marieka Arksey Renee Collins Molly Hude Sasha Romih Tia Watkins Patrick Wilkinson | BVAR 2010 Field Season BVAR 2011 Field Season BVAR 2012 Field Season BVAR 2013 Field Season BVAR 2014 Field Season BVAR 2015 Field Season BVAR 2016 Field Season BVAR 2017 Field Season BVAR 2018 Field Season BVAR 2019 Field Season Kulig, BA Honors (2015) Collins, MA (2018) Romih, MA (2019) | |
Lower Dover (periphery) | Jaime Awe Rafael Guerra John Walden Michael Biggie Emma Messenger Michael Petrozza Ian Roa Yijia Qiu ((邱益嘉) | BVAR 2013 Field Season BVAR 2014 Field Season BVAR 2015 Field Season BVAR 2016 Field Season BVAR 2017 Field Season BVAR 2018 Field Season BVAR 2019 Field Season Petrozza, MA (2015) | ||
American Foreign Academic Research (AFAR)-BVAR | 2010–current | Cahal Pech (site core) | Jaime Awe Claire Ebert Antonio Beardall Jorge Can C. Mathew Saunders James Garber Sherman Horn Amber Lopez Johnson Anna Novotny Nancy Peniche May Mark Porter Jim Pritchard Kristy Pritchard Catharina Santasilia Marc Zender | BVAR 2010 Field Season BVAR 2011 Field Season BVAR 2012 Field Season BVAR 2013 Field Season BVAR 2014 Field Season BVAR 2015 Field Season BVAR 2016 Field Season BVAR 2017 Field Season BVAR 2018 Field Season BVAR 2019 Field Season Santasilia, MA (2013) Villareal, BA Honors (2014) Horn, PhD (2015) Novotny, PhD (2015) Peniche May, PhD (2016) Green, PhD (2016) Delance, PhD (2016) Zanotto, MA (2017) Lopez Johnson, MA (2019) Watkins, MA (2019) Porter, MA (2020) |
University of Montana-BVAR | 2011–2019 | Cahal Pech (site core) | Jaime Awe John Douglas Linda Brown | BVAR 2011 Field Season BVAR 2012 Field Season BVAR 2013 Field Season BVAR 2014 Field Season BVAR 2015 Field Season BVAR 2016 Field Season BVAR 2017 Field Season BVAR 2018 Field Season BVAR 2019 Field Season Johannesen, MA (2018) |
2012–2019 | Cahal Pech (periphery) | Jaime Awe Claire Ebert Wendy Dorenbush Steve Fox Samuel Hemsley Julie Hoggarth Keith Solmo | BVAR 2012 Field Season BVAR 2013 Field Season BVAR 2014 Field Season BVAR 2015 Field Season BVAR 2016 Field Season BVAR 2018 Field Season Ebert, PhD (2017) Fox, MA (2018) Dorenbush, MA (2018) Hemsley, MA (2019) Solmo, MA (2018) | |
2013–current | Baking Pot (site core) | Jaime Awe Julie Hoggarth Sarah Bednar Jorge Can Britt Davis Rosie Fitzmaurice Christophe Helmke Amber Lopez Johnson Sydney Lonaker Niyo Moraza- Keeswood Gabriela Saldaña Kelsey Sullivan Tia Watkins Christina Zweig | BVAR 2013 Field Season BVAR 2014 Field Season BVAR 2015 Field Season BVAR 2016 Field Season BVAR 2017 Field Season BVAR 2018 Field Season BVAR 2019 Field Season Davis, MA (2018) Watkins, MA (2019) Tappan, MA (2020) | |
US Ambassador’s Fund for Cultural Preservation—Benque | 2014 | Benque site | Jaime Awe Jorge Can | |
2013 | Burns Avenue salvage archaeology | Jaime Awe Sylvia Batty Antonio Beardall Jorge Can Gonzalo Pleitez Josue Ramos | ||
Xunantunich Archaeology and Conservation Project (XACP) | 2015–current | Xunantunich (site core) | Jaime Awe Doug Tilden Aimee Alvarado Tucker Austin Christina Burke Rosie Bongiovanni Jorge Can Claire Ebert Cassandra Feely Rosie Fitzmaurice Kirsten Green Christophe Helmke Victoria Izzo Ashley McKeown Emma Messenger Catharina Santasilia Diane Slocum Kelsey Sullivan Tia Watkins Hannah Zanotto | BVAR 2015 Field Season BVAR 2016 Field Season BVAR 2017 Field Season BVAR 2018 Field Season BVAR 2019 Field Season Sullivan, MA (2017) Fitzmaurice, MA (2018) Stricklin, MA (2019) Feely, MA (2019) Austin, MA (2019) Alvarado, MA (2019) |
Other regional research | 2015–current | Lower Barton Creek Regional surveys | Jaime Awe Jeffrey Burns G. Van Kollias Keith Solmo | Kollias, MA (2016) Solmo, MA (2018) Burns, MA (2018) |
Year | Heritage and Outreach |
---|---|
1977 | Joseph Palacio’s work at Hokeb Ha Cave and Xunantunich. First archaeological research projects conducted by a Belizean anthropologist. Palacio served as Archaeological Commissioner of Belize from 1971 to 1976. He hired Harriot Topsey and Jaime Awe. |
1987 | Awe provide images of Maya art and transported slate from Pacbitun, to Maria Garcia in San Antonio village. Maria and family, famously known as the Garcia sisters, used the images and slate to produce some of the most exquisite slate carvings for sale in Belize. |
1988 | Awe applies for and receives grant from the Canadian Commission for UNESCO and the Canadian International Development Agency to launch a joint archaeology and heritage management project at Cahal Pech in Western Belize. |
Awe wrote the first guidebook to Cahal Pech, published it, and delivered copies to the Cayo Branch of the Belize Tourism Industry Association (BTIA) | |
1990–1993 | The site survey was completed in 1990 and Cahal Pech was converted into an archaeological reserve in 1993. |
1993 | BVAR conducted salvage archaeology all around San Ignacio Town and disseminated the information in publications such as Now You See It Now You Don’t (Awe 1993) |
1994–2000 | BVAR launches the Western Belize Regional Cave Project (WBRCP). The work at ATM and Barton Creek Cave led to their declaration as archaeological reserves. BVAR archaeologists also trained the first tour guides for these sites. |
2000–2004 | BVAR archaeologists were employed by the Tourism Development Project (TDP) to excavate and conserve six of the largest archaeological sites in Belize. Accomplishments of this project include the conservation of several sites, the development of archaeo-tourism in Belize, and the training and hiring of several Belizeans in heritage management. |
2003 | BVAR archaeologists write and produce brochures for several sites in Belize. |
2004 | Awe writes chapter on Maya Civilization of Belize for National Tour Guide Training Manual |
2005 | Awe publishes “101 Questions and Answers” book. |
2006 | Awe publishes “Maya Cities and Sacred Caves: A Guide to the Archaeological Sites of Belize” book. |
2006–2013 | Awe teams up with Channel 7 Belize and launches TV series: Glimpses of the Past: Celebrating Belize’s Archaeological Heritage. |
Awe also publishes several articles on archaeological discoveries in NICH Magazine and Belize Today Magazine | |
2012 | Awe applies for and receives grant from Inter-American Development Bank to train tour guides. Awe and Hoggarth then launch the Northern and Southern Belize Cultural Tourism Training Project. They also publish and donate copies of the training manual to tour guides in several communities in northern and Southern Belize. |
2012–present | BVAR conservation projects at Cahal Pech and Xunantunich funded by the Tilden Family Foundation |
2014–2018 | Jeremiah Donovan (SUNY Courtland) and Jaime Awe launch Future of the Past: Revitalizing Ancient Maya Ceramic Traditions in a Modern Maya Community Project. |
2018–current | Watkins and other BVAR staff initiate collaborations with the Fajina Archaeological Outreach program’s annual Succotz Archaeology and Culture Fair |
2020–current | Hoggarth and Awe expand the ceramic traditions project to include 3D models of ceramics, funded by the Archaeological Institute of America-National Endowment for the Humanities. |
© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Hoggarth, J.A.; Awe, J.J.; Ebert, C.E.; Guerra, R.A.; Beardall, A.; Watkins, T.B.; Walden, J.P. Thirty-Two Years of Integrating Archaeology and Heritage Management in Belize: A Brief History of the Belize Valley Archaeological Reconnaissance (BVAR) Project’s Engagement with the Public. Heritage 2020, 3, 699-732. https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage3030040
Hoggarth JA, Awe JJ, Ebert CE, Guerra RA, Beardall A, Watkins TB, Walden JP. Thirty-Two Years of Integrating Archaeology and Heritage Management in Belize: A Brief History of the Belize Valley Archaeological Reconnaissance (BVAR) Project’s Engagement with the Public. Heritage. 2020; 3(3):699-732. https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage3030040
Chicago/Turabian StyleHoggarth, Julie A., Jaime J. Awe, Claire E. Ebert, Rafael A. Guerra, Antonio Beardall, Tia B. Watkins, and John P. Walden. 2020. "Thirty-Two Years of Integrating Archaeology and Heritage Management in Belize: A Brief History of the Belize Valley Archaeological Reconnaissance (BVAR) Project’s Engagement with the Public" Heritage 3, no. 3: 699-732. https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage3030040