Assessing the Impact of Use and Trust in Different Sources of Information on COVID-19 Vaccination Uptake in Saudi Arabia (SA) Using the COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Resistance in SA (CoV-HERSA) Tool
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Methodological Approach
2.2. Piloting the Questionnaire
2.3. Data Management
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Participants’ Characteristics
3.2. Personal Medical Experience with COVID-19
3.3. The Impact of Participants’ Characteristics and Experience with COVID-19 on Their CoV-HERSA Scores
3.4. The Impact of the Use and Trust in Different Sources of Information on Participants’ CoV-HERSA Scores
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Question | Answer | Assigned Score |
---|---|---|
To what extent do you agree with the following statements: | ||
(1) COVID-19 vaccine has been tested properly before its wide use in the vaccination program. | Strongly Disagree Disagree I Do Not Know Agree Strongly Agree | −2 −1 0 1 2 |
(2) COVID-19 vaccine is safe to use. | Strongly Disagree Disagree I Do Not Know Agree Strongly Agree | −2 −1 0 1 2 |
(3) I believe that COVID-19 vaccine will protect me from getting infected. | Strongly Disagree Disagree I Do Not Know Agree Strongly Agree | −2 −1 0 1 2 |
(4) I believe that COVID-19 vaccine will protect me from having a severe COVID-19 infection. | Strongly Disagree Disagree I Do Not Know Agree Strongly Agree | −2 −1 0 1 2 |
(5) I recommend my family/friends to get vaccinated with COVID-19 vaccine. | Strongly Disagree Disagree I Do Not Know Agree Strongly Agree | −2 −1 0 1 2 |
(6) I believe that COVID-19 Vaccine is unsafe because it will alter/change my DNA. | Strongly Disagree Disagree I Do Not Know Agree Strongly Agree | 2 1 0 −1 −2 |
(7) I believe that COVID-19 Vaccine is unsafe because it will prevent me/one of my family members/friends from becoming pregnant. | Strongly Disagree Disagree I Do Not Know Agree Strongly Agree | 2 1 0 −1 −2 |
(8) I believe that COVID-19 Vaccine is unsafe because we do not know its long-term side-effects. | Strongly Disagree Disagree I Do Not Know Agree Strongly Agree | 2 1 0 −1 −2 |
(9) I do not need to get vaccinated as long as I am wearing a face mask and maintaining social distancing. | Strongly Disagree Disagree I Do Not Know Agree Strongly Agree | 2 1 0 −1 −2 |
(10) I will only get vaccinated if it becomes mandatory, e.g., for Umrah or travelling. | Strongly Disagree Disagree I Do Not Know Agree Strongly Agree | 2 1 0 −1 −2 |
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Characteristics | Number (%) |
---|---|
Gender | Male = 193 (49.9%) Female = 194 (50.1%) |
Smoking status | Smoker =324 (83.7%) Non-smoker = 63 (16.3%) |
Age (years) | 34 (24–43) * |
Level of education | Middle school 6 (1.6%) High school 85 (22%) Bachelor’s degree 249 (64.3%) Postgraduate degree 47 (12.1%) |
Region of residence | Madinah 200 (51.7%) Makkah 94 (24.3%) Riyadh 30 (7.8%) Eastern Province 30 (7.8%) Qassim 29 (7.5%) Al-Baha 1 (0.3%) Jazan 1 (0.3%) Northern borders 2 (0.5%) |
Nature of workplace | Educational establishment (student/staff) 192 (49.6%) Healthcare facility (Physician/nurse) 39 (9.8%) Nonmedical establishment (admin/clerk) 60 (15.5%) Field work (Engineer/technician) 21 (5.4%) Home (Housewife/retiree/jobseeker) 76 (19.6%) |
Characteristics | Number (%) |
---|---|
Personal Medical History | Type I Diabetes 16 (4.1%) Type II Diabetes 15 (3.9%) Cardiovascular diseases 37 (9.6%) Immunodeficiency disorders 2 (0.5%) Autoimmune disorders 6 (1.6%) Malignancy 3 (0.8%) Obesity 74 (19.1%) Healthy 275 (71.1%) |
Immediate Family/Friends’ Medical History | Type I Diabetes 157 (40.6%) Type II Diabetes 116 (30%) Cardiovascular diseases 163 (42.1%) Immunodeficiency disorders 9 (2.3%) Autoimmune disorders 46 (11.9%) Malignancy 46 (11.9%) Obesity 127 (32.8%) Healthy 96 (24.8%) |
Pregnancy | 6 (3.1%) |
Pregnant Immediate Family/Friends | Yes = 130 (33.6%) No = 257 (66.4%) |
Previous Vaccination (Hep B/Influenza) | Yes = 244 (63%) No = 143 (37%) |
Characteristics | Number (%) |
---|---|
Diagnosed with COVID-19 via a PCR test | Yes 42 (10.9%) No 345 (89.1%) |
Immediate family/friends diagnosed with COVID-19 via a PCR test | Yes 295 (76.2%) No 92 (23.8%) |
Hospital admission due to COVID-19 | Yes 2 (4.8%) No 40 (95.2) |
Hospital admission of immediate family/friends due to COVID-19 | Yes 91 (30.8%) No 204 (69.2%) |
Death of immediate family/friends due to COVID-19 | Yes 120 (40.7%) No 175 (59.3%) |
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Sayed, A.A. Assessing the Impact of Use and Trust in Different Sources of Information on COVID-19 Vaccination Uptake in Saudi Arabia (SA) Using the COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Resistance in SA (CoV-HERSA) Tool. Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2022, 7, 375. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed7110375
Sayed AA. Assessing the Impact of Use and Trust in Different Sources of Information on COVID-19 Vaccination Uptake in Saudi Arabia (SA) Using the COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Resistance in SA (CoV-HERSA) Tool. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease. 2022; 7(11):375. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed7110375
Chicago/Turabian StyleSayed, Anwar A. 2022. "Assessing the Impact of Use and Trust in Different Sources of Information on COVID-19 Vaccination Uptake in Saudi Arabia (SA) Using the COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Resistance in SA (CoV-HERSA) Tool" Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 7, no. 11: 375. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed7110375
APA StyleSayed, A. A. (2022). Assessing the Impact of Use and Trust in Different Sources of Information on COVID-19 Vaccination Uptake in Saudi Arabia (SA) Using the COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Resistance in SA (CoV-HERSA) Tool. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, 7(11), 375. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed7110375