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Different Diets Based on Yellow Mealworm (Tenebrio molitor)—Part B: Modification of the Intestinal Inflammatory Response and the Microbiota Composition of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
 
 
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Article

Different Diets Based on Yellow Mealworm (Tenebrio molitor)—Part A: Facing the Decrease in Omega−3 Fatty Acids in Fillets of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

by
Federico Melenchón
1,
Ana María Larrán
1,
Miguel-Ángel Sanz
1,
Daniel Rico
1,
Dmitri Fabrikov
2,
Fernando G. Barroso
2,
Alba Galafat
2,
Francisco Javier Alarcón
2,
Amalia E. Morales
3,
M. Carmen Hidalgo
3,
Helena M. Lourenço
4,5,
María-Fernanda Pessoa
6 and
Cristina Tomás-Almenar
7,*
1
Agro-Technological Institute of Castilla y León, Ctra. Arévalo s/n, 40196 Segovia, Spain
2
Department of Biology and Geology, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
3
Department of Zoology, Campus Fuentenueva, Facultad de Ciencias, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
4
IPMA, I.P.—Portuguese Institute of the Sea and Atmosphere, Av. Dr. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-165 Lisboa, Portugal
5
CIIMAR—Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
6
GeoBioTec, Departamento de Ciências da Terra, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Nova School, 2829-516 Lisboa, Portugal
7
Animal Reproduction Department, National Institute of Agronomic Research (INIA-CSIC), Puerta de Hierro Avenue s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Fishes 2023, 8(6), 286; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8060286
Submission received: 28 March 2023 / Revised: 19 May 2023 / Accepted: 24 May 2023 / Published: 26 May 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from the “XVIII Spanish National Aquaculture Congress Cádiz 2022—Aquaculture: Seas and Rivers of Opportunities”)
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Abstract

Aquaculture struggles with sustainability due to the use of fishmeal, and insects are one potential alternative. Insects have low long-chain omega−3 polyunsaturated fatty acid content, and insect-fed fish reflect this in their composition. In total, 500 rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, ~46 g) were fed until the fish reached a commercial size (~415 g). Five diets were used: one control based on fishmeal as main source of protein; two with a 50% replacement of fishmeal with yellow mealworm meal (Tenebrio molitor), one with full-fat insect, and another partially defatted; two other diets similar to the one with the full-fat insect, but with the addition of an experimental algal oil rich in omega−3 in two different concentrations (one equivalent to control, the other one to the defatted insect diet). Growth was unaffected, as well as texture and organoleptic profile of the fillets. Lightness, brightness and colour of the fillets were slightly modified by the experimental diets. An increase in omega−3 levels over those of the full-fat insect diet is described. An omega−3 sparing effect was highlighted, causing lipid accumulation in fillets and liver, and a mild increase in oxidative damage. More research is encouraged to evaluate the fatty acid profile of the liver.
Keywords: aquaculture; fishmeal replacement; insect meal; nutrition; fillet quality; liver intermediary metabolism; liver antioxidant status aquaculture; fishmeal replacement; insect meal; nutrition; fillet quality; liver intermediary metabolism; liver antioxidant status

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MDPI and ACS Style

Melenchón, F.; Larrán, A.M.; Sanz, M.-Á.; Rico, D.; Fabrikov, D.; Barroso, F.G.; Galafat, A.; Alarcón, F.J.; Morales, A.E.; Hidalgo, M.C.; et al. Different Diets Based on Yellow Mealworm (Tenebrio molitor)—Part A: Facing the Decrease in Omega−3 Fatty Acids in Fillets of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fishes 2023, 8, 286. https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8060286

AMA Style

Melenchón F, Larrán AM, Sanz M-Á, Rico D, Fabrikov D, Barroso FG, Galafat A, Alarcón FJ, Morales AE, Hidalgo MC, et al. Different Diets Based on Yellow Mealworm (Tenebrio molitor)—Part A: Facing the Decrease in Omega−3 Fatty Acids in Fillets of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fishes. 2023; 8(6):286. https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8060286

Chicago/Turabian Style

Melenchón, Federico, Ana María Larrán, Miguel-Ángel Sanz, Daniel Rico, Dmitri Fabrikov, Fernando G. Barroso, Alba Galafat, Francisco Javier Alarcón, Amalia E. Morales, M. Carmen Hidalgo, and et al. 2023. "Different Diets Based on Yellow Mealworm (Tenebrio molitor)—Part A: Facing the Decrease in Omega−3 Fatty Acids in Fillets of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)" Fishes 8, no. 6: 286. https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8060286

APA Style

Melenchón, F., Larrán, A. M., Sanz, M.-Á., Rico, D., Fabrikov, D., Barroso, F. G., Galafat, A., Alarcón, F. J., Morales, A. E., Hidalgo, M. C., Lourenço, H. M., Pessoa, M.-F., & Tomás-Almenar, C. (2023). Different Diets Based on Yellow Mealworm (Tenebrio molitor)—Part A: Facing the Decrease in Omega−3 Fatty Acids in Fillets of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fishes, 8(6), 286. https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8060286

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