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Article

Different Diets Based on Yellow Mealworm (Tenebrio molitor)—Part B: Modification of the Intestinal Inflammatory Response and the Microbiota Composition of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

by
Federico Melenchón
1,
Ana María Larrán
1,
Marta Hernández
1,
David Abad
1,
Amalia E. Morales
2,
Héctor J. Pula
2,
Dmitri Fabrikov
3,
María José Sánchez-Muros
3,
Alba Galafat
3,
Francisco Javier Alarcón
3,
Helena M. Lourenço
4,5,
María-Fernanda Pessoa
6 and
Cristina Tomás-Almenar
7,*
1
Agro-Technological Institute of Castilla y León, Ctra. Arévalo s/n, 40196 Segovia, Spain
2
Department of Zoology, Campus Fuentenueva, Facultad de Ciencias, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
3
Department of Biology and Geology, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
4
IPMA, I.P.—Portuguese Institute of the Sea and Atmosphere, Av. Dr. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-165 Lisboa, Portugal
5
CIIMAR—Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Av. General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
6
GeoBioTec, Departamento de Ciências da Terra, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Nova School, 2829-516 Lisboa, Portugal
7
Animal Reproduction Department, National Institute of Agronomic Research (INIA-CSIC), Puerta de Hierro Avenue s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Fishes 2023, 8(6), 284; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8060284
Submission received: 28 March 2023 / Revised: 17 May 2023 / Accepted: 24 May 2023 / Published: 26 May 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from the “XVIII Spanish National Aquaculture Congress Cádiz 2022—Aquaculture: Seas and Rivers of Opportunities”)
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Abstract

With the purpose of improving aquaculture sustainability, the search for protein alternatives to fishmeal makes it necessary to test different variables and the possible repercussions of new ingredients. The use of insect meal as a protein source for aquaculture is well described, but the complex composition of insect meals (fat and other components) can affect the physiology of fish. For this reason, as a part of a bigger study, the aim of the current manuscript was to test diets based on three different presentations of insect meal coming from yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor): full fat, partially defatted, and supplemented with a long chain omega–3-enriched oil, and to evaluate their effects on protein digestibility, biometric indices, immunological system and gut health (intestinal histomorphology and microbiota) of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Digestibility of the protein and body indices showed a minor but consistent trend. The non-specific immunological system did not show changes, but the histology of the intestine showed signs that insect meals could be softening a mild inflammatory response. The gut microbiota suffered several changes, which could be associated with the different amino acid and fatty acid compositions of the diets.
Keywords: aquaculture; rainbow trout; fishmeal replacement; yellow mealworm; insect meal; nutrition; protein digestibility; immunology; histomorphology; microbiota aquaculture; rainbow trout; fishmeal replacement; yellow mealworm; insect meal; nutrition; protein digestibility; immunology; histomorphology; microbiota

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MDPI and ACS Style

Melenchón, F.; Larrán, A.M.; Hernández, M.; Abad, D.; Morales, A.E.; Pula, H.J.; Fabrikov, D.; Sánchez-Muros, M.J.; Galafat, A.; Alarcón, F.J.; et al. Different Diets Based on Yellow Mealworm (Tenebrio molitor)—Part B: Modification of the Intestinal Inflammatory Response and the Microbiota Composition of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fishes 2023, 8, 284. https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8060284

AMA Style

Melenchón F, Larrán AM, Hernández M, Abad D, Morales AE, Pula HJ, Fabrikov D, Sánchez-Muros MJ, Galafat A, Alarcón FJ, et al. Different Diets Based on Yellow Mealworm (Tenebrio molitor)—Part B: Modification of the Intestinal Inflammatory Response and the Microbiota Composition of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fishes. 2023; 8(6):284. https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8060284

Chicago/Turabian Style

Melenchón, Federico, Ana María Larrán, Marta Hernández, David Abad, Amalia E. Morales, Héctor J. Pula, Dmitri Fabrikov, María José Sánchez-Muros, Alba Galafat, Francisco Javier Alarcón, and et al. 2023. "Different Diets Based on Yellow Mealworm (Tenebrio molitor)—Part B: Modification of the Intestinal Inflammatory Response and the Microbiota Composition of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)" Fishes 8, no. 6: 284. https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8060284

APA Style

Melenchón, F., Larrán, A. M., Hernández, M., Abad, D., Morales, A. E., Pula, H. J., Fabrikov, D., Sánchez-Muros, M. J., Galafat, A., Alarcón, F. J., Lourenço, H. M., Pessoa, M.-F., & Tomás-Almenar, C. (2023). Different Diets Based on Yellow Mealworm (Tenebrio molitor)—Part B: Modification of the Intestinal Inflammatory Response and the Microbiota Composition of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fishes, 8(6), 284. https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8060284

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