Evaluation of Host Resistance, Hydrated Lime, and Weed Control to Manage Clubroot in Canola
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Field Analysis
2.2. PCR Analysis
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Resting Spore Densities
3.2. Clubroot Severity
3.3. Yield
3.4. Growth Parameters
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Gall Weight | Shoot Weight | Shoot Height | |
---|---|---|---|
Site-Year | <0.0001 | 201.2408 | 6.1035 |
Block | <0.0001 | 131.4553 | 2.5843 |
Residual | 1.1263 | 284.3762 | 4.8779 |
Index of Disease Rating | Yield | Spore Density | |
Site-Year | 0.4544 | 268.1289 | 0.3719 |
Block | 0.0001 | 121.6343 | 0.4428 |
Residual | 1.2064 | 391.4471 | 1.5088 |
Treatment | Average Total Weeds per m2 | Proportion of Susceptible Weeds (%) per m2 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genetics a | Lime b | Weeds c | Site 2 | Site 3 | Site 2 | Site 3 |
Resistant | Lime | No Weeds | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 |
Resistant | Lime | Weeds | 90.0 ± 35.3 | 93.0 ± 21.1 | 29.4 ± 19.8 | 49.7 ± 27.3 |
Resistant | No Lime | No Weeds | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 |
Resistant | No Lime | Weeds | 111 ± 14.4 | 145 ± 13.5 | 36.4 ± 7.5 | 46.5 ± 11.0 |
Susceptible | Lime | No Weeds | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 |
Susceptible | Lime | Weeds | 95.5 ± 36.7 | 119 ± 24.8 | 20.5 ± 8.2 | 33.8 ± 13.5 |
Susceptible | No Lime | No Weeds | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 |
Susceptible | No Lime | Weeds | 113 ± 27.8 | 109 ± 16.6 | 29.4 ± 15.9 | 46.7 ± 6.2 |
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Gall Weight | Shoot Weight | Shoot Height | |||||||
DF | F-Value | p-Value | DF | F-Value | p-Value | DF | F-Value | p-Value | |
Genetics a | 1,77 | 162.77 | <0.0001 | 1,77 | 43.49 | <0.0001 | 1,77 | 66.72 | <0.0001 |
Lime b | 1,77 | 17.65 | 0.0001 | 1,77 | 35.68 | <0.0001 | 1,77 | 6.47 | 0.0130 |
Weeds c | 1,77 | 0.54 | 0.4654 | 1,77 | 20.10 | <0.0001 | 1,77 | 0.07 | 0.7863 |
Genetics:Lime | 1,77 | 0.31 | 0.5772 | 1,77 | 0.08 | 0.7838 | 1,77 | 12.98 | 0.0006 |
Genetics:Weeds | 1,77 | 0.15 | 0.6971 | 1,77 | 2.31 | 0.1323 | 1,77 | 0.31 | 0.5766 |
Lime:Weeds | 1,77 | 0.04 | 0.8409 | 1,77 | 0.43 | 0.5144 | 1,77 | 3.58 | 0.0623 |
Genetics:Lime:Weeds | 1,77 | 0.19 | 0.6632 | 1,77 | 0.30 | 0.5882 | 1,77 | 0.27 | 0.6024 |
Index of Disease Rating | Yield | Spore Density (Sites 2 & 3 only) | |||||||
DF | F-value | p-value | DF | F-value | p-value | DF | F-value | p-value | |
Genetics a | 1,77 | 167.96 | <0.0001 | 1,77 | 82.90 | <0.0001 | 1,49 | 124.27 | <0.0001 |
Lime b | 1,77 | 31.28 | <0.0001 | 1,77 | 15.00 | 0.0002 | 1,49 | 4.98 | 0.0302 |
Weeds c | 1,77 | 1.13 | 0.2916 | 1,77 | 29.70 | <0.0001 | 1,49 | 0.66 | 0.4202 |
Genetics:Lime | 1,77 | 2.49 | 0.1187 | 1,77 | 23.12 | <0.0001 | 1,49 | 0.80 | 0.3743 |
Genetics:Weeds | 1,77 | 0.01 | 0.9432 | 1,77 | 3.33 | 0.0718 | 1,49 | 0.84 | 0.3642 |
Lime:Weeds | 1,77 | 0.04 | 0.8417 | 1,77 | <0.01 | 0.9847 | 1,49 | 1.09 | 0.3011 |
Genetics:Lime:Weeds | 1,77 | 0.30 | 0.5874 | 1,77 | 0.01 | 0.9408 | 1,49 | 3.14 | 0.0825 |
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Hennig, B.C.; Hwang, S.-F.; Manolii, V.P.; Turnbull, G.; Robinson, S.V.J.; Strelkov, S.E. Evaluation of Host Resistance, Hydrated Lime, and Weed Control to Manage Clubroot in Canola. Horticulturae 2022, 8, 215. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8030215
Hennig BC, Hwang S-F, Manolii VP, Turnbull G, Robinson SVJ, Strelkov SE. Evaluation of Host Resistance, Hydrated Lime, and Weed Control to Manage Clubroot in Canola. Horticulturae. 2022; 8(3):215. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8030215
Chicago/Turabian StyleHennig, Brittany C., Sheau-Fang Hwang, Victor P. Manolii, George Turnbull, Samuel V. J. Robinson, and Stephen E. Strelkov. 2022. "Evaluation of Host Resistance, Hydrated Lime, and Weed Control to Manage Clubroot in Canola" Horticulturae 8, no. 3: 215. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8030215
APA StyleHennig, B. C., Hwang, S. -F., Manolii, V. P., Turnbull, G., Robinson, S. V. J., & Strelkov, S. E. (2022). Evaluation of Host Resistance, Hydrated Lime, and Weed Control to Manage Clubroot in Canola. Horticulturae, 8(3), 215. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8030215