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10.3390/c9020040
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Article

Arsenic, Iron, and Manganese Adsorption in Single and Trinary Heavy Metal Solution Systems by Bamboo-Derived Biochars

by
Anawat Pinisakul
1,
Nattakarn Kruatong
2,
Soydoa Vinitnantharat
2,3,*,
Ponwarin Wilamas
4,
Rattikan Neamchan
3,
Nareerat Sukkhee
3,
David Werner
5 and
Saichol Sanghaisuk
6
1
Chemistry for Green Society and Healthy Living Research Unit (ChGSH), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
2
Environmental Technology Program, School of Energy, Environment and Materials, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
3
Environmental and Energy Management for Community and Circular Economy (EEC&C) Research Group, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
4
Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand
5
School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
6
Department of Pollution Control, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
C 2023, 9(2), 40; https://doi.org/10.3390/c9020040
Submission received: 28 January 2023 / Revised: 1 April 2023 / Accepted: 12 April 2023 / Published: 16 April 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomass—a Renewable Resource for Carbon Materials (2nd Edition))
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Abstract

Currently, heavy metal-contaminated groundwater is an environmental concern. This study investigated the use of bamboo biochar, chitosan-impregnated biochar, and iron-impregnated biochar for arsenic, iron, and manganese removal from groundwater. Isotherms of arsenic, iron, and manganese adsorption by bamboo derived biochar were compared with those of commercial activated carbon in simulated groundwater composed of single and trinary heavy metal solutions. The binding of heavy metals by virgin and loaded bamboo biochar and activated carbon was also investigated by sequential extraction. Chitosan and iron-impregnated biochar had enhanced arsenic adsorption, but these sorbents turned the pH of solution acidic, while it was alkaline for activated carbon. Adsorption equilibrium times of arsenic and iron were faster for single than trinary heavy metal systems because less ion competition occurred at active sites. The Langmuir model fitted the adsorption data well. The maximum adsorption capacities of arsenic, iron, and manganese by bamboo biochar in trinary heavy metal system were 2.2568, 0.6393, and 1.3541 mg g−1, respectively. The main mechanism for arsenic removal was precipitation with iron. Bamboo biochar bound iron in organic and sulfide fractions and manganese with iron-oxide. Bamboo biochar can replace activated carbon as a more efficient and sustainable carbonaceous sorbent material for removal of mixed heavy metals from groundwater within acceptable pH ranges.
Keywords: adsorption; fractionation; heavy metal removal; isotherm; modified biochar adsorption; fractionation; heavy metal removal; isotherm; modified biochar

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MDPI and ACS Style

Pinisakul, A.; Kruatong, N.; Vinitnantharat, S.; Wilamas, P.; Neamchan, R.; Sukkhee, N.; Werner, D.; Sanghaisuk, S. Arsenic, Iron, and Manganese Adsorption in Single and Trinary Heavy Metal Solution Systems by Bamboo-Derived Biochars. C 2023, 9, 40. https://doi.org/10.3390/c9020040

AMA Style

Pinisakul A, Kruatong N, Vinitnantharat S, Wilamas P, Neamchan R, Sukkhee N, Werner D, Sanghaisuk S. Arsenic, Iron, and Manganese Adsorption in Single and Trinary Heavy Metal Solution Systems by Bamboo-Derived Biochars. C. 2023; 9(2):40. https://doi.org/10.3390/c9020040

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pinisakul, Anawat, Nattakarn Kruatong, Soydoa Vinitnantharat, Ponwarin Wilamas, Rattikan Neamchan, Nareerat Sukkhee, David Werner, and Saichol Sanghaisuk. 2023. "Arsenic, Iron, and Manganese Adsorption in Single and Trinary Heavy Metal Solution Systems by Bamboo-Derived Biochars" C 9, no. 2: 40. https://doi.org/10.3390/c9020040

APA Style

Pinisakul, A., Kruatong, N., Vinitnantharat, S., Wilamas, P., Neamchan, R., Sukkhee, N., Werner, D., & Sanghaisuk, S. (2023). Arsenic, Iron, and Manganese Adsorption in Single and Trinary Heavy Metal Solution Systems by Bamboo-Derived Biochars. C, 9(2), 40. https://doi.org/10.3390/c9020040

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