A Composite Magnetosensitive Sorbent Based on the Expanded Graphite for the Clean-Up of Oil Spills: Synthesis and Structural Properties
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
- metal-carbon nanoparticles (MCN) manufactured by Dniprospetsstal enterprise (Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine);
- a mixture of micro- and nanoparticles of metallic iron and iron oxides, which was obtained by the plasma-chemical method.
2.2. Research Methods
2.3. Production of Oil Sorbents
2.3.1. Thermally Expanded Graphite
2.3.2. Magnetosensitive Oil Sorbent from TEG and MCN (Sorbent No. 1)
2.3.3. Magnetosensitive Oil Sorbent from Intercalated Graphite and a Magnetosensitive Component Obtained by the Plasma-Chemical Method (Sorbent No. 2)
2.4. Determination of the Oil Sorbent Absorption Capacity
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Production and Study of the Magnetosensitive Oil Sorbent Based on Thermally Expanded Graphite and Metal-Carbon Nanoparticles (Sorbent No. 1)
3.2. Production and Study of Magnetosensitive Oil Sorbent from Intercalated Graphite and Magnetosensitive Component (Sorbent No. 2)
3.3. Oil Absorption Capacity of the Developed Sorbents
4. Conclusions
- Methods to produce magnetosensitive oil sorbents, which comprise a carbon matrix (thermally expanded graphite) in combination with magnetosensitive components (metal-carbon nanoparticles or a mixture of micro- and nanoparticles of iron and its oxides), have been developed.
- By mixing thermally expanded graphite and metal-carbon nanoparticles, a composite sorbent material is formed, which contains the TEG carbon matrix with metal-carbon nanoparticles firmly adhered to the faces, edges, and other surface defects of the graphite particles. The strong retention of metal-carbon nanoparticles on the surface of thermally expanded graphite flakes is due to the intermolecular forces, coordinate bonds, and electrostatic interactions.
- It was found that applying the microwave irradiation to a mixture of graphite intercalated with sulphuric acid and micro- and nanoparticles of iron and its oxides, a composite sorbent with high sorption capacity for oil is formed. The strong fixation of magnetosensitive nanoparticles on the TEG carbon matrix is due to the inter-dissolution of iron and carbon during thermal shock with the formation of an interfacial layer, which helps to ensure the necessary mechanical strength of the resulting sorbent.
- Magnetosensitive components in the structure of the proposed oil sorbents under the action of an external magnetic field form magnetosensitive agglomerates in the presence of oil, which can be efficiently removed by magnetic separation from the water surface.
- The presence of magnetosensitive components with high density in the composite oil sorbents increases their bulk density, which can significantly reduce the dissipation of sorbent particles by wind when spraying them onto the water surface. The composite sorbents retain the advantageous sorption properties of their thermally expanded graphite matrix.
5. Patents
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sorbent Material | Organic Liquid | Adsorption Capacity (g/g) |
---|---|---|
Sepiolite | Motor oil | 0.174–0.184 |
Bentonite | Motor oil | 0.150–0.176 |
Zeolite | Motor oil | 0.166–0.192 |
Modified diatomite | Benzene | 0.028 |
Exfoliation Temperature | 900 °C | 800 °C | 700 °C | 900 °C | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Graphite Intercalated Compound Size | 35 Mesh | 50 Mesh | 80 Mesh | 200 Mesh | ||
Property | TEG1 | TEG2 | TEG3 | TEG4 | TEG5 | TEG6 |
Bulk density, g/cm3 | 0.0038 ± 0.0002 | 0.0044 ± 0.0001 | 0.0049 ± 0.0001 | 0.0094 ± 0.0002 | 0.0166 ± 0.0002 | 0.0552 ± 0.0003 |
Equivalent pore volume, cm3/g | 262 | 226 | 203 | 105 | 59 | 17 |
Total pore area, m2/g | 31 | 28 | 25 | 27 | 13 | 5 |
Total pore volume, cm3/g | 43 | 40 | 35 | 38 | 28 | 5 |
Fractions, μm | <0.1 | 0.1–1 | 1–10 | 10–100 | >100 |
Sample_3, % | 3.28 | 20.78 | 51.38 | 23.70 | 0.86 |
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Kadoshnikov, V.M.; Melnychenko, T.I.; Arkhipenko, O.M.; Tutskyi, D.H.; Komarov, V.O.; Bulavin, L.A.; Zabulonov, Y.L. A Composite Magnetosensitive Sorbent Based on the Expanded Graphite for the Clean-Up of Oil Spills: Synthesis and Structural Properties. C 2023, 9, 39. https://doi.org/10.3390/c9020039
Kadoshnikov VM, Melnychenko TI, Arkhipenko OM, Tutskyi DH, Komarov VO, Bulavin LA, Zabulonov YL. A Composite Magnetosensitive Sorbent Based on the Expanded Graphite for the Clean-Up of Oil Spills: Synthesis and Structural Properties. C. 2023; 9(2):39. https://doi.org/10.3390/c9020039
Chicago/Turabian StyleKadoshnikov, Vadim M., Tetyana I. Melnychenko, Oksana M. Arkhipenko, Danylo H. Tutskyi, Volodymyr O. Komarov, Leonid A. Bulavin, and Yuriy L. Zabulonov. 2023. "A Composite Magnetosensitive Sorbent Based on the Expanded Graphite for the Clean-Up of Oil Spills: Synthesis and Structural Properties" C 9, no. 2: 39. https://doi.org/10.3390/c9020039