Investigation of Heart Valve Dynamics: A Fluid-Structure Interaction Approach

Anwar, Muhammad Adnan; Razzaq, Mudassar; Owais, Muhammad; Jahangir, Kainat; Gurris, Marcel

doi:10.3390/fluids10080215

This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.

Open AccessArticle

Investigation of Heart Valve Dynamics: A Fluid-Structure Interaction Approach

by

Muhammad Adnan Anwar

^1,*,†

,

Mudassar Razzaq

^2,*,†

,

Muhammad Owais

^3,†,

Kainat Jahangir

^4,† and

Marcel Gurris

²

¹

Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal

²

Department of Mechatronics and Mechanical Engineering, Bochum University of Applied Sciences, Am Hochschulcampus 1, 44801 Bochum, Germany

³

School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Campus, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan

⁴

Department of Mathematics, University of Education, Lahore 54770, Pakistan

^*

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

^†

These authors contributed equally to this work.

Fluids 2025, 10(8), 215; https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids10080215

Submission received: 19 June 2025 / Revised: 20 July 2025 / Accepted: 12 August 2025 / Published: 15 August 2025

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Cardiovascular Flows)

Download Versions Notes

Abstract

This study presents a numerical investigation into the heart valve through a fluid–structure interaction (FSI) framework using a two-dimensional, steady-state, Newtonian flow assumption. While simplified, this approach captures core biomechanical effects and provides a baseline for future extension toward non-Newtonian, pulsatile, and three-dimensional models. The analysis focuses on the influence of magnetic field intensity characterized by the Hartmann number (Ha) and flow regime defined by the Reynolds number (Re) on critical hemodynamic parameters, including wall shear stress (WSS), velocity profiles, and pressure gradients in the valve region. The results demonstrate that stronger magnetic fields significantly stabilize intravalvular flow by suppressing recirculation zones and reducing flow separation distal to valve constrictions, offering protective hemodynamic benefits and serving as a non-invasive method to modulate vascular behavior and reduce the risk of cardiovascular pathologies such as atherosclerosis and hypertension.

Keywords: fluid–structure interaction (FSI); finite element method; heart valves; wall shear stress; biomagnetic blood flow; elastic walls; Hartmann number; valve dynamics

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Anwar, M.A.; Razzaq, M.; Owais, M.; Jahangir, K.; Gurris, M. Investigation of Heart Valve Dynamics: A Fluid-Structure Interaction Approach. Fluids 2025, 10, 215. https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids10080215

AMA Style

Anwar MA, Razzaq M, Owais M, Jahangir K, Gurris M. Investigation of Heart Valve Dynamics: A Fluid-Structure Interaction Approach. Fluids. 2025; 10(8):215. https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids10080215

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anwar, Muhammad Adnan, Mudassar Razzaq, Muhammad Owais, Kainat Jahangir, and Marcel Gurris. 2025. "Investigation of Heart Valve Dynamics: A Fluid-Structure Interaction Approach" Fluids 10, no. 8: 215. https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids10080215

APA Style

Anwar, M. A., Razzaq, M., Owais, M., Jahangir, K., & Gurris, M. (2025). Investigation of Heart Valve Dynamics: A Fluid-Structure Interaction Approach. Fluids, 10(8), 215. https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids10080215

Article Menu

Investigation of Heart Valve Dynamics: A Fluid-Structure Interaction Approach

Abstract

Share and Cite

Article Metrics

Article Access Statistics

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI