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Veterinary Sciences
Volume 9
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10.3390/vetsci9060260
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Article

Analysis of Uterine Blood Flow in Breeding Sows through the Estrus and Early Diestrus, and after Artificial Insemination

by
Salvador Ruiz
1,2,†,
Juan Carlos Gardón
3,†,
Iván Hernández-Caravaca
2,4,
Chiara Luongo
1 and
Francisco Alberto García-Vázquez
1,2,*
1
Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Campus de Excelencia Mare Nostrum Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
2
Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Virgen de la Arrixaca), 30120 Murcia, Spain
3
Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary and Experimental Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia-San Vicente Mártir, Guillem de Castro 106, 46003 Valencia, Spain
4
Departamento de Enfermería Comunitaria, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública e Historia de la Ciencia, Facultad Ciencias de la Salud, Campus de Sant Vicent del Raspeig, E-03080 Sant Vicent del Raspeig, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Vet. Sci. 2022, 9(6), 260; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9060260
Submission received: 24 April 2022 / Revised: 21 May 2022 / Accepted: 24 May 2022 / Published: 30 May 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ARTs) in Domestic Mammals)
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Abstract

This study aimed to determine uterine blood flow indices by transabdominal Doppler ultrasound in sows (n = 18) under different conditions: (i) sows after estrus detection (day 0, D0); (ii) sows 2 h after artificial insemination (AI), performed 24 h after detection of estrus (day 1, D1); (iii) sows in early diestrus (day 5, D5). Moreover, three different types of seminal doses were used for AI depending on the ejaculate fraction included (F1: doses containing only the rich fraction of the ejaculate; F2: F1 + the transition fraction between rich and poor fractions; F3: F2 and poor fraction). The statistical analysis revealed significant differences in some indices regarding the period of analysis (D0, D1, and D5). Diastolic velocity and mean velocity showed lower values at D5 in comparison with D0 and D1 (p < 0.01). On the other hand, the pulsatility index and the relationship systolic velocity/diastolic velocity indicated higher values at D5 in comparison with D0 and D1 (p < 0.01). No differences were observed regarding the type of seminal dose used in any of the time points analyzed (p > 0.05). Neither insemination per se nor the type of ejaculate fraction used immediately modified the uterine vascularity, but some indices are affected by the stage of the estrus cycle (estrus vs. early diestrus).
Keywords: arterial blood flow; imaging; Doppler ultrasound; echography; porcine arterial blood flow; imaging; Doppler ultrasound; echography; porcine

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MDPI and ACS Style

Ruiz, S.; Gardón, J.C.; Hernández-Caravaca, I.; Luongo, C.; García-Vázquez, F.A. Analysis of Uterine Blood Flow in Breeding Sows through the Estrus and Early Diestrus, and after Artificial Insemination. Vet. Sci. 2022, 9, 260. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9060260

AMA Style

Ruiz S, Gardón JC, Hernández-Caravaca I, Luongo C, García-Vázquez FA. Analysis of Uterine Blood Flow in Breeding Sows through the Estrus and Early Diestrus, and after Artificial Insemination. Veterinary Sciences. 2022; 9(6):260. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9060260

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ruiz, Salvador, Juan Carlos Gardón, Iván Hernández-Caravaca, Chiara Luongo, and Francisco Alberto García-Vázquez. 2022. "Analysis of Uterine Blood Flow in Breeding Sows through the Estrus and Early Diestrus, and after Artificial Insemination" Veterinary Sciences 9, no. 6: 260. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9060260

APA Style

Ruiz, S., Gardón, J. C., Hernández-Caravaca, I., Luongo, C., & García-Vázquez, F. A. (2022). Analysis of Uterine Blood Flow in Breeding Sows through the Estrus and Early Diestrus, and after Artificial Insemination. Veterinary Sciences, 9(6), 260. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9060260

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