Revisiting Porcine Circovirus Disease Diagnostic Criteria in the Current Porcine Circovirus 2 Epidemiological Context
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. PCV-2 Infection Outcomes and Their Lesions
3. PCV-2 Infection Outcomes and Their Diagnoses
4. Diagnostic Tools for PCV-2 Infections
4.1. Diagnostic Criteria for PCVDs
4.2. Diagnostic Usefulness of PCR Methodologies
4.3. Diagnostic Usefulness of Antibody Detection Methodologies
5. PCV-2 Epidemiology and Vaccination
5.1. Changing PCV-2 Epidemiology
5.2. PCVDs in Vaccinated Herds
6. Discussion
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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PCVD (Acronym) | Major Clinical Signs | Individual Diagnostic Criteria |
---|---|---|
PCV-2 subclinical infection (PCV-2-SI) | Decreased average daily gain (approx. 10–40 g/day) without any evident clinical sign |
|
PCV-2 systemic disease (PCV-2-SD) | Wasting, weight loss, decreased rate of weight gain clinically evident, ill thrift or poor-doing animals, sometimes with respiratory and/or digestive disorders |
|
PCV2 reproductive disease (PCV-2-RD) | Abortions or mummifications |
|
Regular return-to-estrus |
| |
Porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS) ** | Dark red papules and macules on skin, mainly in hind limbs and perineal area |
|
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Segalés, J.; Sibila, M. Revisiting Porcine Circovirus Disease Diagnostic Criteria in the Current Porcine Circovirus 2 Epidemiological Context. Vet. Sci. 2022, 9, 110. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9030110
Segalés J, Sibila M. Revisiting Porcine Circovirus Disease Diagnostic Criteria in the Current Porcine Circovirus 2 Epidemiological Context. Veterinary Sciences. 2022; 9(3):110. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9030110
Chicago/Turabian StyleSegalés, Joaquim, and Marina Sibila. 2022. "Revisiting Porcine Circovirus Disease Diagnostic Criteria in the Current Porcine Circovirus 2 Epidemiological Context" Veterinary Sciences 9, no. 3: 110. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9030110