Prevalence of Feline Immunodeficiency Virus and Toxoplasma gondii in Feral Cats on St. Kitts, West Indies
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Ethical Approval
2.2. Sample Size
2.3. Data and Sample Collection
2.4. Detection of Toxoplasma gondii
3. Results
3.1. FIV Prevalence of Feral Cats on St. Kitts
3.2. Failure to Detect T. gondii DNA in Feral Cats’ Feces
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Age # | FIV+ | FIV– | Total | Prevalence (%) | 95% CI | Odds Ratio | 95% CI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
<1 year | 6 | 46 | 52 | 11.5 | 2.8–20.2 | ||
≥1 year | 8 | 20 | 28 | 28.8 | 12.0–45.6 | 3.06 | 0.94–10.00 |
ND | 4 | 21 | 25 | 16.0 | 1.6–30.4 | ||
Total | 18 | 87 | 105 | 17.1 | 9.9–24.3 | ||
Sex * | |||||||
Male | 14 | 41 | 55 | 25.5 | 14.7–37.0 | 3.93 | 1.20–12.89 |
Female | 4 | 46 | 50 | 8.0 | 0.5–15.5 | ||
Total | 18 | 87 | 105 | 17.1 | 9.9–24.3 |
Region | Cats Examined | FIV + Cats | Prevalence (%) | Year | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Europe | |||||
Ghent, Belgium | 346 | 39 | 11.3 | 1998–2000 | [11] |
Berlin, Germany | 39 | 5 | 15.4 | 1996–1999 | [26] |
Portugal | 50 226 | 0 23 | 0.0 10.2 | 1992–2007 2003–2005 | [29] [28] |
Birmingham, UK Barley Park Farm, UK | 517 55 | 54 26 | 10.4 47.3 | 1997 | [37] [38] |
Africa | |||||
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia | 41 | 0 | 0.0 | [27] | |
Cairo, Egypt | 174 | 59 | 33.9 | 2008–2009 | [39] |
Asia | |||||
Seoul, Korea | 66 | 2 | 3.0 | 2013 | [30] |
North America | |||||
Key Largo, Florida | 3.3 | 1999–2013 | [31] | ||
Northern Florida | 553 | 29 | 5.2 | 1999–2000 | [32] |
College Station, Texas | 155 | 10 | 6.5 | 1998–2000 | [35] |
Mauna Kea, Hawaii | 68 | 6 | 8.8 | 2002–2004 | [36] |
Ottawa, Canada | 20 | 1 | 5.0 | 2000 | [33] |
Prince Edward Island, Canada | 96 185 | 5 14 | 5.2 7.6 | 2009 2001 | [20] [34] |
Merida, Mexico | 227 | 2.5 | [43] | ||
St. Kitts, West Indies | 99 | 15 | 15.2 | 2006–2007 | [18] |
St. Kitts, West Indies | 72 | 10 | 13.9 | 2009 | [18] |
St. Kitts, West Indies | 11 | 4 | 36.4 | 2010 | [19] |
St. Kitts, West Indies | 105 | 18 | 17.1 | 2014–2015 | This study |
Grenada, West Indies | 101 | 22 | 21.8 | 2004–2007 | [41] |
Oceania | |||||
Sydney, Australia | 68 | 15 | 22.1 | 2003–2004 | [40] |
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Chi, X.; Fang, K.; Koster, L.; Christie, J.; Yao, C. Prevalence of Feline Immunodeficiency Virus and Toxoplasma gondii in Feral Cats on St. Kitts, West Indies. Vet. Sci. 2021, 8, 16. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci8020016
Chi X, Fang K, Koster L, Christie J, Yao C. Prevalence of Feline Immunodeficiency Virus and Toxoplasma gondii in Feral Cats on St. Kitts, West Indies. Veterinary Sciences. 2021; 8(2):16. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci8020016
Chicago/Turabian StyleChi, Xinyu, Kexin Fang, Liza Koster, Jevan Christie, and Chaoqun Yao. 2021. "Prevalence of Feline Immunodeficiency Virus and Toxoplasma gondii in Feral Cats on St. Kitts, West Indies" Veterinary Sciences 8, no. 2: 16. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci8020016