DNA and Protein Analyses to Confirm the Absence of Cross-Contamination and Support the Clinical Reliability of Extensively Hydrolysed Diets for Adverse Food Reaction-Pets
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- To confirm the specific protein composition of these diets and the extensive level of hydrolysis of their feather protein source
- To confirm the effectiveness of Royal Canin’s cross-contamination risk management process for these diets through a specially designed DNA-based testing strategy.
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Analyses of Protein Composition
2.1.1. Protein Separation by Protein Gel Electrophoresis and Chromatography
2.1.2. Protein Identification by Mass-Spectrometry
2.2. Analyses for the Detection of Cross-Contaminating Proteins
2.2.1. DNA to Protein Calibration
2.2.2. Analysis of Finished Product for Cross-Contaminating Proteins
- Step 1: The total content of DNA in the diets was measured by the method described above and compared with the DNA conformity threshold. The sample was considered to be within specification if the total measured DNA was ≤1.2 µg/g.
- Step 2: When the concentration of total DNA exceeded 1.2 µg/g, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses were conducted to identify the source of the contamination. Species detection was carried out by targeted quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR conducted by an accredited laboratory.
- Step 3: The calibration curves were then used to determine the NPPI for the specific protein source. The NPPI was considered to be acceptable if it was ≤0.5% (corresponding to a DNA concentration for example of ≤4.4 µg/g for duck protein sources). In this way, the calibration curves allowed a more refined assessment of protein contamination in those samples that contained more than the threshold level of total DNA.
3. Results
3.1. Protein Composition of the Diets
3.2. Cross-Contamination Risk Management
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Glossary
AFR | adverse food reaction(s) |
CADESI | Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index |
CAFR | cutaneous adverse food reaction(s) |
CCD | cross-reactive carbohydrate determinant |
FIAD | Food-Induced Allergic Dermatitis |
GBSS | granule-bound starch synthase |
LTP | lipid-transfer proteins |
nsLTP | non-specific lipid-transfer protein |
MALDI | Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionisation |
NPPI | no protein pollution index |
TOF | Time Of Flight detector |
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Category | Code in Gels | Description | Comments |
---|---|---|---|
Complete Diets | RC AFR canine diet AC(a, b, c, d: different production batches) | Royal Canin Anallergenic™ canine diet—the finished product after final coating step | |
RC AFR canine/feline diet BC(a, b, c, d: different production batches) | Royal Canin Anallergenic™ canine or feline diet before final coating step | No palatability enhancers in these samples | |
Other AFR diet | Other commercial hypoallergenic dry canine diet | Chicken liver hydrolysate as main protein source | |
RC Med Adult 25 | Royal Canin® Medium Adult 25 | Diet not recommended for AFR but analysed for comparison | |
Raw materials | Anallergenic™ EHPF | Extensively hydrolysed poultry feather | Anallergenic™ protein source (poultry: chicken, turkey, duck) |
MHPF | Mildly hydrolysed poultry feather | Raw materials not included in Anallergenic™ diets but analysed for comparison | |
NHCM | Non-hydrolysed chicken meal | ||
Corn flour | Corn flour | ||
Feather meal | Feather meal | ||
Anallergenic™ corn starch | Anallergenic™ corn starch |
Processed Animal Protein Used to Experimentally Cross-Contaminate Anallergenic™ Diets at an Inclusion Level (NPPI) of 0.5% | Corresponding DNA Content, µg/g (±0.2 µg/g) |
---|---|
Pork | 2.1 |
Chicken | 3.0 |
Beef | 3.1 |
Duck | 4.4 |
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Lesponne, I.; Naar, J.; Planchon, S.; Serchi, T.; Montano, M. DNA and Protein Analyses to Confirm the Absence of Cross-Contamination and Support the Clinical Reliability of Extensively Hydrolysed Diets for Adverse Food Reaction-Pets. Vet. Sci. 2018, 5, 63. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci5030063
Lesponne I, Naar J, Planchon S, Serchi T, Montano M. DNA and Protein Analyses to Confirm the Absence of Cross-Contamination and Support the Clinical Reliability of Extensively Hydrolysed Diets for Adverse Food Reaction-Pets. Veterinary Sciences. 2018; 5(3):63. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci5030063
Chicago/Turabian StyleLesponne, Isabelle, Jérôme Naar, Sébastien Planchon, Tommaso Serchi, and Mauricio Montano. 2018. "DNA and Protein Analyses to Confirm the Absence of Cross-Contamination and Support the Clinical Reliability of Extensively Hydrolysed Diets for Adverse Food Reaction-Pets" Veterinary Sciences 5, no. 3: 63. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci5030063