Evaluation of Antibody Tests for Mycobacterium bovis Infection in Pigs and Deer
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Animals/Serum Samples
2.1.1. Farmed Deer
2.1.2. Farmed Pigs
2.1.3. Forest of Dean Wild Boar
2.1.4. Park and Wild Deer
2.1.5. TB-Free Farmed Deer
2.1.6. TB-Free Farmed Pigs
2.2. Antibody Tests
2.2.1. IDEXX ELISA
2.2.2. Comparative PPD (∆PPD) ELISA
2.2.3. Enferplex Cervid TB Assay and Enferplex Porcine TB Assay
2.2.4. DPP VetTB Lateral Flow
2.3. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Antibody Tests Performance—Sensitivity and Specificity—In Deer and Pigs
3.2. Seroprevalence Estimates among Wild Boar within the Forest of Dean and Park/Wild Deer with No Visible Lesions of TB
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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TB-Free | TB-Infected | ||
---|---|---|---|
% Specificity [95%CI] | % Sensitivity [95%CI] | ||
(No Prior Skin Test) | Park/Wild: VL/Mb+ (No Prior Skin Test) | Farmed: Skin Test+/VL/Mb+ (with Prior Skin Test) | |
IDEXX ELISA | 98.8 [97.2–99.6] | 55.2 [45.2–65.0] | 76.6 [65.6–85.5] |
DPP VetTB | 99.0 [98.1–100] | 58.1 [48.7–67.5] | 77.9 [68.6–87.2] |
∆PPD ELISA | 98.8 [97.2–99.6] | 51.4 [41.5–61.3] | 79.2 [68.5–87.6] |
Enferplex High Se | 99.0 [98.1–100] | 56.2 [46.7–66.7] | 85.7 [77.9–93.5] |
Enferplex High Sp | 99.5 [ 98.8–100] | 55.2 [45.7–64.7] | 85.7 [77.9–93.5] |
TB-Positive Deer | Kappa Statistic | McNemar | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
k Value | Level of Agreement | SE of k | 95%CI | p Value | |
IDEXX v. DPPD ELISA | 0.83 | almost perfect | 0.043 | 0.75–0.92 | 0.789 |
IDEXX v. DPP VetTB | 0.81 | substantial | 0.046 | 0.72–0.90 | 0.453 |
Enferplex v. ∆PPD ELISA | 0.81 | substantial | 0.046 | 0.70–0.90 | 0.024 |
IDEXX v. Enferplex | 0.78 | substantial | 0.049 | 0.68–0.88 | 0.01 |
DPP VetTB v. Enferplex | 0.72 | substantial | 0.055 | 0.62–0.83 | 0.522 |
DPP VetTB v. ∆PPD ELISA | 0.69 | substantial | 0.056 | 0.58–0.80 | 0.327 |
Pig Tests | TB-Free (No Prior Skin Test) | TB-Infected Skin Test+/VL/Mb+ (with Prior Skin Test) |
---|---|---|
% Specificity [95%CI] | % Sensitivity [95%CI] | |
IDEXX ELISA | 99.0 [97.5–99.6] | 72.4 [54.3–85.3] |
DPP VetTB | 100.0 [99.1–100] | 86.2 [73.6–98.8] |
∆PPD ELISA | 99.0 [97.5–99.6] | 62.1 [44.0–77.3] |
Enferplex High Se | 99.3 [98.5–100] | 86.2 [73.6–98.8] |
Enferplex High Sp | 99.5 [ 98.8–100] | 86.2 [73.6–98.8] |
TB-Positive Pigs | Kappa Statistic | McNemar | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
k Value | Level of Agreement | SE of K | 95%CI | p Value | |
IDEXX v. ∆PPD ELISA | 0.77 | substantial | 0.123 | 0.53–1.0 | 0.248 |
IDEXX v. DPP VetTB | 0.71 | substantial | 0.153 | 0.41–1.0 | 0.248 |
IDEXX v. Enferplex | 0.59 | moderate | 0.173 | 0.25–0.93 | 0.134 |
DPP VetTB v. ∆PPD ELISA | 0.51 | moderate | 0.156 | 0.20–0.81 | 0.041 |
Enferplex v. ∆PPD ELISA | 0.42 | moderate | 0.156 | 0.11–0.72 | 0.023 |
DPP VetTB v. Enferplex | 0.34 | fair | 0.231 | −0.11–0.8 | 1.00 |
Pigs (n = 27) | Deer (n = 135) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Number of Tests Positive (out of 4) | n | % | n | % |
4 | 18 | 66.7 | 101 | 74.8 |
3 | 3 | 11.1 | 15 | 15 |
2 | 1 | 3.7 | 10 | 10 |
1 | 5 | 18.5 | 9 | 9 |
Mean Test % Sensitivity | Mean Test % Specificity | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Single | Parallel | % Increase Se | Single | Parallel | % Decrease Sp | ||
Deer | with prior skin test | 79.9 | 87.2 | 7.3 | |||
no prior skin test | 55.0 | 58.9 | 3.9 | 99.03 | 98.4 | 0.63 | |
Pig | 76.7 | 83.9 | 7.2 | 99.4 | 98.8 | 0.6 |
Mean Test % Specificity | Mean Test % Sensitivity | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Single | Serial | % Increase Sp | Single | Serial | % Decrease Se | ||
Deer | with prior skin test | 79.9 | 73.4 | 6.5 | |||
no prior skin test | 99.03 | 99.9 | 0.87 | 55.0 | 51.4 | 3.6 | |
Pig | 99.4 | 99.9 | 0.5 | 76.7 | 67.8 | 8.9 |
Wild Boar (n = 233) | Park Deer (n = 197) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
ELISA Test | % Sp [95%CI] | % Positive | % Sp [95%CI] | % Positive |
IDEXX | 99.0 [97.5–99.6] | 17.2 | 98.8 [97.2–99.6] | 3.6 |
∆PPD | 99.0 [97.5–99.6] | 15.4 | 98.8 [97.2–99.6] | 5.1 |
Enferplex—High Se | 99.3 [98.5–100] | 19.7 | 99.0 [98.1–100] | 2.5 |
Enferplex—High Sp | 99.5 [98.8–100] | 19.3 | 99.5 [98.8–100] | 2.5 |
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Barton, P.; Robinson, N.; Middleton, S.; O’Brien, A.; Clarke, J.; Dominguez, M.; Gillgan, S.; Selmes, J.; Rhodes, S. Evaluation of Antibody Tests for Mycobacterium bovis Infection in Pigs and Deer. Vet. Sci. 2023, 10, 489. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10080489
Barton P, Robinson N, Middleton S, O’Brien A, Clarke J, Dominguez M, Gillgan S, Selmes J, Rhodes S. Evaluation of Antibody Tests for Mycobacterium bovis Infection in Pigs and Deer. Veterinary Sciences. 2023; 10(8):489. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10080489
Chicago/Turabian StyleBarton, Penny, Nick Robinson, Sonya Middleton, Amanda O’Brien, John Clarke, Maria Dominguez, Steve Gillgan, John Selmes, and Shelley Rhodes. 2023. "Evaluation of Antibody Tests for Mycobacterium bovis Infection in Pigs and Deer" Veterinary Sciences 10, no. 8: 489. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10080489