Next Article in Journal
Reactive Oxygen Species Detection Using Fluorescence in Enchytraeus crypticus—Method Implementation through Ag NM300K Case Study
Next Article in Special Issue
Metagenomic Analysis of the Gastrointestinal Microbiota of Gadus morhua callarias L. Originating from a Chemical Munition Dump Site
Previous Article in Journal
Comparison of EI-GC-MS/MS, APCI-LC-MS/MS, and ESI-LC-MS/MS for the Simultaneous Analysis of Nine Nitrosamines Eluted from Synthetic Resins into Artificial Saliva and Health Risk Assessment
 
 
Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
Journals
Toxics
Volume 9
Issue 10
10.3390/toxics9100231
toxics-logo
Submit to this Journal Review for this Journal Propose a Special Issue
► Article Menu

Article Menu

share Share announcement Help format_quote Cite question_answer Discuss in SciProfiles
first_page
settings
Order Article Reprints
Font Type:
Arial Georgia Verdana
Font Size:
Aa Aa Aa
Line Spacing:
Column Width:
Background:
Article

Degradation of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT): Involvement of Protocatechuate 3,4-Dioxygenase (P34O) in Buttiauxella sp. S19-1

by
Miao Xu
1,†,
Dong Liu
2,†,
Ping Sun
1,
Yunuo Li
1,
Ming Wu
1,
Wencong Liu
3,
Edmund Maser
4,
Guangming Xiong
1,4 and
Liquan Guo
1,*
1
Key Laboratory of Straw Biology and Higher Value Application, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
2
Grain College, Jilin Busyness and Technology College, Changchun 130507, China
3
College of Resources and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
4
Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology, University Medical School Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors have contributed equally to this work and share first authorship.
Toxics 2021, 9(10), 231; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics9100231
Submission received: 17 August 2021 / Revised: 13 September 2021 / Accepted: 17 September 2021 / Published: 24 September 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sea Dumped Munitions: From Detection, Analysis and Risk Assessment to the Remediation of World War Relicts)
Browse Figures
Versions Notes

Abstract

Extensive use and disposal of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), a primary constituent of explosives, pollutes the environment and causes severe damage to human health. Complete mineralization of TNT via bacterial degradation has recently gained research interest as an effective method for the restoration of contaminated sites. Here, screening for TNT degradation by six selected bacteria revealed that Buttiauxella sp. S19-1, possesses the strongest degrading ability. Moreover, BuP34O (a gene encoding for protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase—P34O, a key enzyme in the β-ketoadipate pathway) was upregulated during TNT degradation. A knockout of BuP34O in S19-1 to generate S-M1 mutant strain caused a marked reduction in TNT degradation efficiency compared to S19-1. Additionally, the EM1 mutant strain (Escherichia coli DH5α transfected with BuP34O) showed higher degradation efficiency than DH5α. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of TNT degradation by S19-1 revealed 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotolune (ADNT) as the intermediate metabolite of TNT. Furthermore, the recombinant protein P34O (rP34O) expressed the activity of 2.46 µmol/min·mg. Our findings present the first report on the involvement of P34O in bacterial degradation of TNT and its metabolites, suggesting that P34O could catalyze downstream reactions in the TNT degradation pathway. In addition, the TNT-degrading ability of S19-1, a Gram-negative marine-derived bacterium, presents enormous potential for restoration of TNT-contaminated seas.
Keywords: 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT); 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotolunes (ADNT); Buttiauxella sp. S19-1; protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase (P34O); degradation; genetic manipulation 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT); 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotolunes (ADNT); Buttiauxella sp. S19-1; protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase (P34O); degradation; genetic manipulation

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Xu, M.; Liu, D.; Sun, P.; Li, Y.; Wu, M.; Liu, W.; Maser, E.; Xiong, G.; Guo, L. Degradation of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT): Involvement of Protocatechuate 3,4-Dioxygenase (P34O) in Buttiauxella sp. S19-1. Toxics 2021, 9, 231. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics9100231

AMA Style

Xu M, Liu D, Sun P, Li Y, Wu M, Liu W, Maser E, Xiong G, Guo L. Degradation of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT): Involvement of Protocatechuate 3,4-Dioxygenase (P34O) in Buttiauxella sp. S19-1. Toxics. 2021; 9(10):231. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics9100231

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xu, Miao, Dong Liu, Ping Sun, Yunuo Li, Ming Wu, Wencong Liu, Edmund Maser, Guangming Xiong, and Liquan Guo. 2021. "Degradation of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT): Involvement of Protocatechuate 3,4-Dioxygenase (P34O) in Buttiauxella sp. S19-1" Toxics 9, no. 10: 231. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics9100231

APA Style

Xu, M., Liu, D., Sun, P., Li, Y., Wu, M., Liu, W., Maser, E., Xiong, G., & Guo, L. (2021). Degradation of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT): Involvement of Protocatechuate 3,4-Dioxygenase (P34O) in Buttiauxella sp. S19-1. Toxics, 9(10), 231. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics9100231

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Metrics

Back to TopTop