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Article

Antioxidant Activity and Inhibition of Liver Cancer Cells’ Growth of Extracts from 14 Marine Macroalgae Species of the Mediterranean Sea

by
Nikolaos Goutzourelas
1,
Dimitrios Phaedon Kevrekidis
2,†,
Sofia Barda
1,†,
Paraskevi Malea
3,
Varvara Trachana
4,
Stavroula Savvidi
1,
Alkistis Kevrekidou
5,6,
Andreana N. Assimopoulou
5,
Andreas Goutas
4,
Ming Liu
7,8,
Xiukun Lin
9,
Nikolaos Kollatos
1,
Grigorios D. Amoutzias
1 and
Dimitrios Stagos
1,*
1
Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
2
Laboratory of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Department of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
3
Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
4
Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
5
Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
6
Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
7
Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
8
Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
9
Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, 319 Zhongshan Road, Luzhou 646000, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Foods 2023, 12(6), 1310; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12061310
Submission received: 30 January 2023 / Revised: 1 March 2023 / Accepted: 15 March 2023 / Published: 19 March 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Extraction, Characterization and Bioactive Properties of Plants Foods)
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Abstract

Macroalgae exhibit beneficial bioactivities for human health. Thus, the aim of the present study was to examine the antioxidant and anticancer potential of 14 macroalgae species’ extracts, namely, Gigartina pistillata, Gigartina teedei, Gracilaria gracilis, Gracilaria sp., Gracilaria bursa pastoris, Colpomenia sinuosa, Cystoseira amentacea, Cystoseira barbata, Cystoseira compressa, Sargassum vulgare, Padina pavonica, Codium fragile, Ulva intestinalis, and Ulva rigida, from the Aegean Sea, Greece. The antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH, ABTS•+, •OH, and O2•− radicals’ scavenging assays, reducing power (RP), and protection from ROO•-induced DNA plasmid damage assays. Moreover, macroalgae extracts’ total polyphenol contents (TPCs) were assessed. Extracts’ inhibition against liver HepG2 cancer cell growth was assessed using the XTT assay. The results showed that G. teedei extract’s IC50 was the lowest in DPPH (0.31 ± 0.006 mg/mL), ABTS•+ (0.02 ± 0.001 mg/mL), •OH (0.10 ± 0.007 mg/mL), O2•− (0.05 ± 0.003 mg/mL), and DNA plasmid breakage (0.038 ± 0.002 mg/mL) and exhibited the highest RP (RP0.5AU 0.24 ± 0.019 mg/mL) and TPC (12.53 ± 0.88 mg GAE/g dw). There was also a significant correlation between antioxidant activity and TPC. P. pavonica (IC50 0.93 ± 0.006 mg/mL) exhibited the highest inhibition against HepG2 cell growth. Conclusively, some of the tested extracts exhibited significant chemopreventive properties, and so they may be used for food products.
Keywords: marine macroalgae; seaweeds; antioxidant; chemoprevention; anticancer; DNA damage; liver cancer; polyphenols; Aegean Sea marine macroalgae; seaweeds; antioxidant; chemoprevention; anticancer; DNA damage; liver cancer; polyphenols; Aegean Sea

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MDPI and ACS Style

Goutzourelas, N.; Kevrekidis, D.P.; Barda, S.; Malea, P.; Trachana, V.; Savvidi, S.; Kevrekidou, A.; Assimopoulou, A.N.; Goutas, A.; Liu, M.; et al. Antioxidant Activity and Inhibition of Liver Cancer Cells’ Growth of Extracts from 14 Marine Macroalgae Species of the Mediterranean Sea. Foods 2023, 12, 1310. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12061310

AMA Style

Goutzourelas N, Kevrekidis DP, Barda S, Malea P, Trachana V, Savvidi S, Kevrekidou A, Assimopoulou AN, Goutas A, Liu M, et al. Antioxidant Activity and Inhibition of Liver Cancer Cells’ Growth of Extracts from 14 Marine Macroalgae Species of the Mediterranean Sea. Foods. 2023; 12(6):1310. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12061310

Chicago/Turabian Style

Goutzourelas, Nikolaos, Dimitrios Phaedon Kevrekidis, Sofia Barda, Paraskevi Malea, Varvara Trachana, Stavroula Savvidi, Alkistis Kevrekidou, Andreana N. Assimopoulou, Andreas Goutas, Ming Liu, and et al. 2023. "Antioxidant Activity and Inhibition of Liver Cancer Cells’ Growth of Extracts from 14 Marine Macroalgae Species of the Mediterranean Sea" Foods 12, no. 6: 1310. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12061310

APA Style

Goutzourelas, N., Kevrekidis, D. P., Barda, S., Malea, P., Trachana, V., Savvidi, S., Kevrekidou, A., Assimopoulou, A. N., Goutas, A., Liu, M., Lin, X., Kollatos, N., Amoutzias, G. D., & Stagos, D. (2023). Antioxidant Activity and Inhibition of Liver Cancer Cells’ Growth of Extracts from 14 Marine Macroalgae Species of the Mediterranean Sea. Foods, 12(6), 1310. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12061310

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