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Article

Chemometric Valorization of Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) cv. ‘Albion’ for the Production of Functional Juice: The Impact of Physicochemical, Toxicological, Sensory, and Bioactive Value

by
Anica Bebek Markovinović
1,
Predrag Putnik
2,*,
Boris Duralija
3,
Adela Krivohlavek
4,
Martina Ivešić
4,
Ivana Mandić Andačić
4,
Iva Palac Bešlić
4,
Branimir Pavlić
5,
Jose Manuel Lorenzo
6,7 and
Danijela Bursać Kovačević
1,*
1
Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
2
Department of Food Technology, University North, Trg dr. Žarka Dolinara 1, 48000 Koprivnica, Croatia
3
Department of Pomology, Division of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
4
Andrija Štampar Teaching Institute of Public Health, Mirogojska 16, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
5
Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Blvd. Cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
6
Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Adva. Galicia n° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain
7
Universidade de Vigo, Area de Tecnoloxia dos Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, 32004 Ourense, Spain
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Foods 2022, 11(5), 640; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11050640
Submission received: 20 December 2021 / Revised: 31 January 2022 / Accepted: 5 February 2022 / Published: 23 February 2022
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Abstract

Strawberries (Fragaria x ananassa Duch. cv. ‘Albion’) were harvested at two stages of ripeness (75% vs. 100%) and their physicochemical, sensory, toxicological, and bioactive properties were evaluated before and after processing into juice. The fresh fruits and their by-products were also evaluated. During processing into juice, the color change was higher in the fully ripe fruits, confirming the encouraging prospects for using the less ripe strawberries for processing. The analysis of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Ni, As, Cd, Pb) was carried out, and in juice and by-product samples of 100% maturity, only Pb was higher than the MDK. Of the 566 pesticides analyzed, only cyprodinil was found in the by-products of the strawberries at 75% maturity, while pyrimethanil was detected in all samples. Fresh strawberries of both ripeness levels were rated similarly to the corresponding juices for all sensory attributes studied, indicating that sensory perception was not affected by processing. However, ripeness was found to be an important factor influencing most sensory attributes. The by-products were the materials with the highest levels of all bioactive compounds. Considering all quality parameters evaluated, the chemometric evaluation confirms the suitability of 75% ripe strawberries for processing into functional juice, which could be important for the juice industry.
Keywords: strawberry; ripeness; functional juice; bioactive compounds; sensory; toxicology strawberry; ripeness; functional juice; bioactive compounds; sensory; toxicology
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MDPI and ACS Style

Bebek Markovinović, A.; Putnik, P.; Duralija, B.; Krivohlavek, A.; Ivešić, M.; Mandić Andačić, I.; Palac Bešlić, I.; Pavlić, B.; Lorenzo, J.M.; Bursać Kovačević, D. Chemometric Valorization of Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) cv. ‘Albion’ for the Production of Functional Juice: The Impact of Physicochemical, Toxicological, Sensory, and Bioactive Value. Foods 2022, 11, 640. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11050640

AMA Style

Bebek Markovinović A, Putnik P, Duralija B, Krivohlavek A, Ivešić M, Mandić Andačić I, Palac Bešlić I, Pavlić B, Lorenzo JM, Bursać Kovačević D. Chemometric Valorization of Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) cv. ‘Albion’ for the Production of Functional Juice: The Impact of Physicochemical, Toxicological, Sensory, and Bioactive Value. Foods. 2022; 11(5):640. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11050640

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bebek Markovinović, Anica, Predrag Putnik, Boris Duralija, Adela Krivohlavek, Martina Ivešić, Ivana Mandić Andačić, Iva Palac Bešlić, Branimir Pavlić, Jose Manuel Lorenzo, and Danijela Bursać Kovačević. 2022. "Chemometric Valorization of Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) cv. ‘Albion’ for the Production of Functional Juice: The Impact of Physicochemical, Toxicological, Sensory, and Bioactive Value" Foods 11, no. 5: 640. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11050640

APA Style

Bebek Markovinović, A., Putnik, P., Duralija, B., Krivohlavek, A., Ivešić, M., Mandić Andačić, I., Palac Bešlić, I., Pavlić, B., Lorenzo, J. M., & Bursać Kovačević, D. (2022). Chemometric Valorization of Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) cv. ‘Albion’ for the Production of Functional Juice: The Impact of Physicochemical, Toxicological, Sensory, and Bioactive Value. Foods, 11(5), 640. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11050640

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