Curcumin-Loaded Pickering Emulsion Formed by Ultrasound and Stabilized by Metal Organic Framework Optimization
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Experimental Design
2.3. Synthesis of UiO-66-NH2
2.4. Emulsion Preparation
2.5. Encapsulation Properties
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Mutual Effect of Parameters
3.2. Optimization of Synthesis Conditions
3.3. Model Validation
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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No. | Factors | Responses | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ultrasonic Power (W) | Ultrasonic Power (min) | Oil Content (% w/w) | MOF * Content (% w/w) | Loading Capacity (%) | S.D. * | Encapsulation Efficiency (%) | S.D. * | |
1 | 100 | 10 | 30 | 3 | 4.86 | 0.38 | 17.93 | 0.10 |
2 | 100 | 5 | 22.5 | 3 | 6.79 | 0.23 | 19.36 | 4.78 |
3 | 150 | 5 | 22.5 | 2 | 5.33 | 0.30 | 32.89 | 1.48 |
4 | 100 | 15 | 15 | 2 | 7.01 | 0.41 | 30.01 | 0.30 |
5 | 100 | 15 | 22.5 | 1 | 2.31 | 0.17 | 54.73 | 1.45 |
6 | 100 | 10 | 30 | 1 | 1.61 | 0.11 | 50.27 | 4.28 |
7 | 100 | 5 | 30 | 2 | 3.56 | 0.23 | 28.71 | 3.19 |
8 | 50 | 5 | 22.5 | 2 | 4.30 | 0.18 | 26.53 | 3.79 |
9 | 150 | 10 | 22.5 | 3 | 6.93 | 0.41 | 19.76 | 3.84 |
10 | 100 | 10 | 22.5 | 2 | 5.05 | 0.34 | 31.17 | 3.21 |
11 | 100 | 10 | 15 | 3 | 8.87 | 0.57 | 17.86 | 4.39 |
12 | 150 | 10 | 30 | 2 | 3.85 | 0.05 | 31.02 | 4.86 |
13 | 100 | 10 | 22.5 | 2 | 4.96 | 0.03 | 30.62 | 4.11 |
14 | 100 | 10 | 22.5 | 2 | 5.10 | 0.16 | 31.46 | 0.73 |
15 | 150 | 10 | 15 | 2 | 7.15 | 0.57 | 30.59 | 0.67 |
16 | 100 | 15 | 22.5 | 3 | 6.89 | 0.02 | 19.67 | 3.06 |
17 | 50 | 10 | 22.5 | 1 | 2.26 | 0.14 | 53.41 | 3.17 |
18 | 100 | 10 | 22.5 | 2 | 5.14 | 0.16 | 31.68 | 4.91 |
19 | 100 | 5 | 15 | 2 | 6.30 | 0.41 | 26.96 | 2.80 |
20 | 100 | 15 | 30 | 2 | 3.38 | 0.17 | 27.19 | 3.50 |
21 | 150 | 10 | 22.5 | 1 | 2.47 | 0.04 | 58.41 | 0.59 |
22 | 50 | 10 | 30 | 2 | 3.35 | 0.25 | 26.95 | 3.56 |
23 | 50 | 15 | 22.5 | 2 | 4.25 | 0.35 | 26.22 | 3.82 |
24 | 50 | 10 | 15 | 2 | 6.17 | 0.13 | 26.39 | 0.25 |
25 | 150 | 15 | 22.5 | 2 | 5.26 | 0.40 | 32.43 | 4.40 |
26 | 50 | 10 | 22.5 | 3 | 6.35 | 0.40 | 18.11 | 2.46 |
27 | 100 | 5 | 22.5 | 1 | 2.29 | 0.17 | 54.24 | 0.92 |
28 | 100 | 10 | 15 | 1 | 3.49 | 0.26 | 56.28 | 3.08 |
29 | 100 | 10 | 22.5 | 2 | 5.08 | 0.13 | 31.33 | 3.65 |
Response Factor | Model | Degree of Freedom | p-Value | Std. Deviation | R2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
LC | Linear | 20 | 0.0056 | 3.4853 | 0.4432 |
2FI | 14 | 0.9022 | 3.8099 | 0.5009 | |
Quadratic | 10 | <0.0001 | 1.9172 | 0.9017 | |
Cubic | 2 | 0.0138 | 0.9031 | 0.9906 | |
EE | Linear | 20 | <0.0001 | 4.1877 | 0.9027 |
2FI | 14 | 0.9911 | 4.7351 | 0.9067 | |
Quadratic | 10 | <0.0001 | 1.0366 | 0.9965 | |
Cubic | 2 | 0.0066 | 0.4280 | 0.9997 |
Response Factor | Factor | Sum of Squares | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
LC | Ultrasonic Power (X1) | 18.5340 | 5.0422 |
Ultrasonic Time (X2) | 0.6960 | 0.19 | |
Oil Phase Concentration (X3) | 2.9304 | 0.8 | |
MOF Concentration (X4) | 9.4696 | 2.58 | |
EE | Ultrasonic Power (X1) | 62.98 | <0.0001 |
Ultrasonic Time (X2) | 0.2 | 0.6726 | |
Oil Phase Concentration (X3) | 3.01 | 0.1164 | |
MOF Concentration (X4) | 3839.55 | <0.0001 |
LC | EE | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Model Parameters | Coefficient Estimate | p-Value | Coefficient Estimate | p-Value |
X1 | 0.0172 | <0.0001 | 0.1263 | <0.0001 |
X2 | 0.2419 | NS | 1.5573 | NS |
X3 | 0.2901 | NS | 1.5314 | 0.1164 |
X4 | 1.2325 | 0.1308 ^ | −47.1652 | <0.0001 |
X1*X2 | −0.0003 | NS | −0.0002 | NS |
X1*X3 | −0.0002 | NS | −0.0001 | NS |
X1*X4 | −0.0003 | NS | −0.0168 | 0.1285 ^ |
X2*X3 | −0.0051 | 0.0327 | −0.0305 | 0.0443 |
X2*X4 | 0.0174 | NS | −0.0090 | NS |
X3*X4 | 0.2057 | 0.1299 ^ | 0.2027 | 0.0109 |
X1*X1 | −0.0006 | 0.0879 | −0.0002 | NS |
X2*X2 | −0.0062 | 0.0298 | −0.0406 | NS |
X3*X3 | −0.0062 | <0.0001 | −0.0375 | 0.0001 |
X4*X4 | −0.3910 | <0.0001 | 6.6207 | <0.0001 |
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Ma, P.; Zhang, Z.; Tsai, S.; Zhang, H.; Li, Y.; Yuan, F.; Wang, Q. Curcumin-Loaded Pickering Emulsion Formed by Ultrasound and Stabilized by Metal Organic Framework Optimization. Foods 2021, 10, 523. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10030523
Ma P, Zhang Z, Tsai S, Zhang H, Li Y, Yuan F, Wang Q. Curcumin-Loaded Pickering Emulsion Formed by Ultrasound and Stabilized by Metal Organic Framework Optimization. Foods. 2021; 10(3):523. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10030523
Chicago/Turabian StyleMa, Peihua, Zhi Zhang, Shawn Tsai, Hongchao Zhang, Yuan Li, Fang Yuan, and Qin Wang. 2021. "Curcumin-Loaded Pickering Emulsion Formed by Ultrasound and Stabilized by Metal Organic Framework Optimization" Foods 10, no. 3: 523. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10030523