Kinetics of Colour Development during Frying of Potato Pre-Treated with Pulsed Electric Fields and Blanching: Effect of Cultivar
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Raw Material and Characterisation of Their Chemical Composition
2.2. Pulsed Electric Fields (PEF) Treatment
2.3. Kinetic Study on the Colour Changes of Non-PEF and PEF-Treated Potato Slices during Frying
2.3.1. Kinetic Frying Experiment
2.3.2. Estimation of the Time Dependence of the Colour Change of Potato Slices during Frying
2.3.3. Estimation of the Temperature Dependence of Rate Constant for Changes in L* Value during Frying
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Comparison on the Chemical Composition of Four Different Potato Cultivars
3.2. Colour Evaluation of Fried Potato Slices Produced from Non-PEF and PEF-Treated Potatoes
3.2.1. The Effect of PEF Pre-Treatment Alone (without Blanching) on the Colour Characteristics of Fried Potato Slices
3.2.2. The Effect of Sequential PEF and Blanching Pre-Treatment on the Colour Characteristics of Fried Potato Slices
3.3. Kinetic Study on the Colour Changes of Sequential PEF and Blanching Pre-Treated Potatoes during Frying
3.3.1. Time and Temperature Dependences of L* Value Change for Non-PEF (Blanching Only) Pre-Treated Potatoes during Frying
3.3.2. Time Dependency of L* Value for PEF-Treated Potatoes during Frying
3.3.3. Temperature Dependency of k for L* Value for PEF-Treated Potatoes during Frying
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Tuber Characteristics and Chemical Contents | Potato Cultivar | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
‘Crop77’ †# | ‘Moonlight’ † | ‘Russet Burbank’ | ‘Nadine’ ## | |
Shape of tuber | Short-oval | Oval | Long | Oval |
Colour of skin | Cream | Cream | Cream | Cream |
Colour of flesh | White | White | White | Cream |
Dry matter (%) | 24.61 ± 1.30 a | 20.57 ± 0.60 b | 24.09 ± 0.51 a | 14.92 ± 0.38 c |
Total starch (mg/g DW) | 731.04 ± 69.96 a | 587.34 ± 88.72 a | 708.95 ± 27.21 a | 722.87 ± 46.60 a |
Amylose (mg/g DW) | 75.53 ± 7.84 b | 147.23 ± 5.38 a | 81.73 ± 3.61 b | 172.68 ± 10.17 a |
Glucose (mg/g DW) | 0.75 ± 0.09 c | 20.68 ± 1.46 b | 22.35 ± 1.60 b | 104.64 ± 2.77 a |
Total amino acids (mmol/g DW) | 0.99 ± 0.07 b | 1.78 ± 0.20 a | 1.64 ± 0.19 a | 1.64 ± 0.04 a |
Colour Parameters | Non-PEF and No Blanching | PEF Low (1 kV/cm, 50 kJ/kg) without Blanching | PEF High (1 kV/cm, 150 kJ/kg) without Blanching |
---|---|---|---|
‘Crop77’ | |||
L* | 34.27 ± 2.09 aA | 33.77 ± 2.19 aA | 33.87 ± 2.40 aA |
a* | 3.45 ± 1.17 aC | 3.41 ± 1.14 aB | 3.29 ± 0.99 aC |
b* | 18.37 ± 2.45 aA | 18.48 ± 2.37 aA | 17.52 ± 2.49 aA |
‘Moonlight’ | |||
L* | 29.21 ± 2.48 abC | 29.75 ± 2.46 aB | 27.96 ± 2.32 bB |
a* | 5.37 ± 1.17 aA | 5.05 ± 0.99 aA | 5.52 ± 1.65 aA |
b* | 17.47 ± 2.53 abA | 18.55 ± 2.68 aA | 16.97 ± 2.67 bA |
‘Russet Burbank’ | |||
L* | 31.49 ± 1.84 aB | 32.33 ± 2.14 aA | 32.31 ± 1.74 aA |
a* | 5.62 ± 1.01 aA | 4.47 ± 1.25 bA | 4.23 ± 0.73 bB |
b* | 15.37 ± 1.62 aB | 14.88 ± 1.48 aB | 14.85 ± 1.11 aB |
‘Nadine’ | |||
L* | 17.44 ± 3.38 bD | 19.31 ± 2.29 aC | 19.99 ± 3.58 aC |
a* | 4.46 ± 1.59 aB | 3.62 ± 0.92 bB | 3.54 ± 1.26 bBC |
b* | 9.21 ± 1.99 aC | 8.40 ± 1.31 aC | 8.58 ± 1.38 aC |
Colour Parameters | Non-PEF (Blanching Only) | PEF Low (1 kV/cm, 50 kJ/kg) Followed by Blanching | PEF High (1 kV/cm, 150 kJ/kg) Followed by Blanching |
---|---|---|---|
‘Crop77’ | |||
L* | 35.04 ± 2.26 bA | 37.06 ± 1.80 aA* | 35.78 ± 1.54 bA* |
a* | 2.66 ± 1.08 aC* | 1.52 ± 0.46 bD* | 2.23 ± 0.78 aBC* |
b* | 17.31 ± 1.87 aA* | 17.59 ± 1.20 aA | 17.39 ± 2.39 aA |
‘Moonlight’ | |||
L* | 32.94 ± 2.68 aB* | 33.15 ± 1.77 aB* | 33.72 ± 1.25 aB* |
a* | 3.83 ± 1.04 aB* | 3.27 ± 0.85 bB* | 2.78 ± 0.57 bB* |
b* | 18.03 ± 1.81 aA | 17.60 ± 2.06 aA | 16.28 ± 1.37 bAB |
‘Russet Burbank’ | |||
L* | 33.96 ± 2.07 bAB* | 36.71 ± 0.96 aA* | 36.86 ± 1.12 aA* |
a* | 3.85 ± 1.31 aB* | 2.23 ± 0.53 bC* | 2.02 ± 0.60 bC* |
b* | 16.11 ± 1.38 aB* | 16.30 ± 0.76 aB* | 15.73 ± 1.00 aB* |
‘Nadine’ | |||
L* | 22.34 ± 2.60 aC* | 24.12 ± 2.14 aC* | 23.71 ± 2.96 aC* |
a* | 5.37 ± 1.42 aA* | 4.34 ± 1.26 bA* | 5.15 ± 0.61 abA* |
b* | 12.88 ± 2.52 aC* | 11.50 ± 2.32 aC* | 13.03 ± 0.82 aC* |
PEF Treatment | Frying Temperature (°C) | k (×10−3 s−1) * | Range of R2 for k Estimation | Ea (kJ·mol−1) ** | Range of R2 for Ea Estimation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
‘Crop77’ | |||||
Non-PEF | 170 | 0.24 ± 0.04 | 0.90–0.96 | 105.53 ± 1.16 aA | 0.90–0.99 |
(blanching only) | 180 | 0.37 ± 0.03 | 0.92–0.93 | ||
190 | 0.83 ± 0.16 | 0.93–0.96 | |||
PEF Low | 170 | 0.30 ± 0.07 | 0.84–0.91 | 86.78 ± 1.19 cA | 0.99–1.00 |
(1 kV/cm, | 180 | 0.49 ± 0.12 | 0.93–0.98 | ||
50 kJ/kg) + blanching | 190 | 0.82 ± 0.20 | 0.82–0.98 | ||
PEF High | 170 | 0.22 ± 0.03 | 0.86–0.87 | 102.41 ± 0.32 bA | 1.00–1.00 |
(1 kV/cm, | 180 | 0.40 ± 0.07 | 0.89–0.98 | ||
150 kJ/kg) + blanching | 190 | 0.72 ± 0.11 | 0.95–0.98 | ||
‘Moonlight’ | |||||
Non-PEF | 150 | 0.86 ± 0.05 | 0.89–0.93 | 31.73 ± 1.03 D | 0.95–1.00 |
(blanching only) | 170 | 1.27 ± 0.12 | 0.94–0.96 | ||
190 | 1.87 ± 0.17 | 0.93–0.95 | |||
PEF Low | 150 | 0.77 ± 0.14 | 0.87–0.94 | 32.82 ± 0.23 D | 0.99–0.99 |
(1 kV/cm, | 170 | 1.22 ± 0.22 | 0.88–0.97 | ||
50 kJ/kg) + blanching | 190 | 1.72 ± 0.30 | 0.88–0.95 | ||
PEF High | 150 | 0.84 ± 0.03 | 0.81–0.97 | 31.09 ± 0.81 C | 0.91–1.00 |
(1 kV/cm, | 170 | 1.23 ± 0.17 | 0.50–0.86 | ||
150 kJ/kg) + blanching | 190 | 1.81 ± 0.03 | 0.87–0.95 | ||
‘Russet Burbank’ | |||||
Non-PEF | 150 | 0.94 ± 0.13 | 0.85–0.92 | 45.37 ± 0.85 aB | 0.96–1.00 |
(blanching only) | 170 | 1.63 ± 0.21 | 0.84–0.95 | ||
190 | 2.87 ± 0.37 a | 0.87–0.90 | |||
PEF Low | 150 | 0.76 ± 0.07 | 0.86–0.86 | 35.37 ± 0.76 bC | 0.97–0.98 |
(1 kV/cm, | 170 | 1.16 ± 0.26 | 0.83–0.83 | ||
50 kJ/kg) + blanching | 190 | 1.82 ± 0.15 b | 0.80–0.93 | ||
PEF High | 150 | 0.66 ± 0.23 | 0.85–0.98 | 31.80 ± 1.08 cC | 0.91–1.00 |
(1 kV/cm, | 170 | 1.11 ± 0.43 | 0.85–0.90 | ||
150 kJ/kg) + blanching | 190 | 1.45 ± 0.53 b | 0.81–0.91 | ||
‘Nadine’ | |||||
Non-PEF | 150 | 1.09 ± 0.41 | 0.82–0.89 | 41.15 ± 1.87 C | 0.99–1.00 |
(blanching only) | 170 | 1.93 ± 0.66 | 0.84–0.93 | ||
190 | 2.96 ± 0.99 | 0.91–0.96 | |||
PEF Low | 150 | 0.95 ± 0.45 | 0.84–0.97 | 39.92 ± 1.12 B | 0.88–0.96 |
(1 kV/cm, | 170 | 1.69 ± 0.99 | 0.75–0.81 | ||
50 kJ/kg) + blanching | 190 | 2.50 ± 1.12 | 0.92–0.94 | ||
PEF High | 150 | 1.15 ± 0.31 | 0.84–0.88 | 38.85 ± 1.46 B | 0.87–1.00 |
(1 kV/cm, | 170 | 2.06 ± 0.63 | 0.88–0.89 | ||
150 kJ/kg) + blanching | 190 | 2.95 ± 0.72 | 0.82–0.93 |
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Abduh, S.B.M.; Leong, S.Y.; Zhao, C.; Baldwin, S.; Burritt, D.J.; Agyei, D.; Oey, I. Kinetics of Colour Development during Frying of Potato Pre-Treated with Pulsed Electric Fields and Blanching: Effect of Cultivar. Foods 2021, 10, 2307. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10102307
Abduh SBM, Leong SY, Zhao C, Baldwin S, Burritt DJ, Agyei D, Oey I. Kinetics of Colour Development during Frying of Potato Pre-Treated with Pulsed Electric Fields and Blanching: Effect of Cultivar. Foods. 2021; 10(10):2307. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10102307
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbduh, Setya Budi Muhammad, Sze Ying Leong, Chun Zhao, Samantha Baldwin, David J. Burritt, Dominic Agyei, and Indrawati Oey. 2021. "Kinetics of Colour Development during Frying of Potato Pre-Treated with Pulsed Electric Fields and Blanching: Effect of Cultivar" Foods 10, no. 10: 2307. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10102307