Pharmacotechnological Advances for Clinical Translation of Essential Oils for the Treatment of Pain and Agitation in Severe Dementia
Abstract
:1. Natural Products from Traditional Medicine to Pharmacotechnological Innovation
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results: Essential Oil of Bergamot as a Paradigm to Follow
4. Unmet Need: Agitation in Severe Dementia
5. Tool for Solution: NanoBEO
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Traditional Medicine | Plant-Based Products |
---|---|
Egypt | Papyrus Ebers, the earliest systematic medical text recording more than 800 plant medicines (1500 BC). |
Iraq | Skeleton found 30,000 years ago with concentration of extracted plant essential oils. |
India | Ayurveda natural system of medicine. |
China | Shen Nung’s manuscript listed 350 plants in 2800 BC; The Divine Farmer’s Materia Medica, the first text of Chinese Traditional Medicine, representing a form of combinatorial medicine (200 AD). |
Greece | Pedanius Dioscorides wrote De Materia Medica covering 700 plants, including aromatics. |
Arabia | Medical aromatherapy emerged in the third century. |
German | Hieronymus Braunschweig a surgeon and botanist, wrote a book on distillation of oils from plants that included 25 oils. |
France | In 1919, Gattefossé, a famous chemist, was burned in an explosion in his laboratory. The wounds became infected. Wound rinsing with essential oils eradicated the infection. He coined the term, aromatherapy, and was known for the medical use of essential oils with their antibacterial and healing properties of essential oils. Jean Valnet, an army physician, wrote the first aromatherapy book by a doctor. Shirley Price authored Aromatherapy for Healthcare Professionals. She is known for clinical use of essential oils. In 1961, Marguerite Maury, a nurse, published Le Capital “Jeunesse”. This book classified clinical departments’ use of essential oils, such as surgery and spa treatment. Maury won 2 international awards for her research. |
Study ID | Experimental Pain Model | Route of Administration | Analgesic Properties | Outcome |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sakurada et al. (2009) [26] | Capsaicin test | Intraplantar (i.pl.) | Reduction in the time of licking/biting | BEO (5, 10 and 20 mg) reduces the seconds of licking/biting induced in the 5 min following capsaicin i.pl. injection |
Sakurada et al. (2011) [37] | Capsaicin test | I.pl. | Reduction in the time of licking/biting | BEO (20 μg) exerts significant antinociceptive effect in the hindpaw ipsilateral to capsaicin injection, counteracted by naloxone hydrochloride and methiodide |
Katsuyama et al. (2015) [38] | Formalin test | I.pl. | Reduction in the time of licking/biting | BEO (10 μg) significantly inhibits licking/biting response in the ipsilateral side, and this is reverted by naloxone hydrochloride and methiodide |
Scuteri et al. (2018) [39] | Formalin test | Inhalatory | Reduction in the time of licking/biting | A filter paper disc soaked with different volumes of BEO are applied to the edge of the cage to allow inhalation of BEO, proving its antinociceptive activity in the formalin test that is dependent on the volume and the time of exposure |
Scuteri et al. (2022a) [35] | Formalin test | Inhalatory | Reduction in the time of licking/biting | BEO and its decolored fraction enriched in D-limonene in its highest volume are effective |
Scuteri et al. (2022b) [36] | Formalin test | Transdermal | Reduction in the time of licking/biting | Both decolored and deterpenated fractions of BEO reveal equal activity to the phytocomplex in the early phase, but the reduction in the time of licking/biting during the late phase is more markedly induced by the decolored fraction |
Bagetta et al. (2010) [40] | Spinal nerve ligation (SNL) | Subcutaneous (s.c.) | Mechanical allodynia assessed through the Von Frey’s test | BEO (1 mL/kg) daily administration for 7 days following SNL attenuates mechanical allodynia |
Kuwahata et al. (2013) [27] | Partial sciatic nerve ligation (PSNL) | S.c. | Mechanical allodynia assessed through the Von Frey’s test | BEO (5.0, 10.0 and 20.0 μg) reduces mechanical allodynia dose-dependently on the 7th post-operative day of peak of threshold reduction |
Hamamura et al. (2020) [28] | PSNL | Continuous s.c., with the aid of an osmotic pump | Planar activity | BEO decreases the PSNL-induced increase in planar activity during the light period post-operative day 7 |
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Scuteri, D.; Watanabe, C.; Sakurada, S.; Hamamura, K.; Sakurada, T.; Tonin, P.; Bagetta, G.; Corasaniti, M.T. Pharmacotechnological Advances for Clinical Translation of Essential Oils for the Treatment of Pain and Agitation in Severe Dementia. Processes 2022, 10, 1340. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10071340
Scuteri D, Watanabe C, Sakurada S, Hamamura K, Sakurada T, Tonin P, Bagetta G, Corasaniti MT. Pharmacotechnological Advances for Clinical Translation of Essential Oils for the Treatment of Pain and Agitation in Severe Dementia. Processes. 2022; 10(7):1340. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10071340
Chicago/Turabian StyleScuteri, Damiana, Chizuko Watanabe, Shinobu Sakurada, Kengo Hamamura, Tsukasa Sakurada, Paolo Tonin, Giacinto Bagetta, and Maria Tiziana Corasaniti. 2022. "Pharmacotechnological Advances for Clinical Translation of Essential Oils for the Treatment of Pain and Agitation in Severe Dementia" Processes 10, no. 7: 1340. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10071340