Influence of Teaching Efficacy and Competence on Life Satisfaction in Pre-Service Physical Education Teachers: Is There a Gender Difference?
Abstract
1. Introduction
1.1. Teacher’s Sense of Efficacy
1.2. Psychological Needs
1.3. Life Satisfaction
1.4. Gender Differences
1.5. The Present Study
2. Methods
2.1. Design and Participants
2.2. Instrument
2.2.1. Teaching Sense of Efficacy (SEE)
2.2.2. Competence Need Satisfaction
2.2.3. Competence Need Frustration
2.2.4. Life Satisfaction
2.3. Procedure
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Participants
3.2. Preliminary Results
3.3. Main Results
4. Discussion
4.1. Limitations and Future Prospects
4.2. Practical Implications for Pre-Service Teacher Education
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
SCT | Social Cognitive Theory |
PE | Physical Education |
SDT | Self-Determination Theory |
MAES | Master’s in Secondary Education Teaching |
CFI | Comparative Fit Index |
TLI | Tucker–Lewis Index |
RMSEA | Root Mean Square Error of Approximation |
SRMR | Standardized Root Mean Square Residual |
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Women (n = 171) | Men (n = 197) | Correlations | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | M | SD | M | SD | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
| 7.51 | 1.01 | 7.54 | 0.89 | - | 0.21 ** | −0.02 | 0.092 |
| 3.89 | 0.75 | 4.04 | 0.62 | 0.38 ** | - | 0.53 ** | 0.59 ** |
| 2.22 | 0.89 | 2.27 | 0.89 | −0.27 ** | −0.45 ** | - | −0.44 ** |
| 3.79 | 0.84 | 3.85 | 0.77 | 0.18 ** | 0.37 ** | −0.23 ** | - |
Women (n = 171) | Men (n = 197) | Mean Difference | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | M | SD | M | SD | Dif | t(gl) | p-Value | d |
| 7.51 | 1.01 | 7.54 | 0.89 | −0.32 | −0.26(366) | 0.396 | 0.30 |
| 3.89 | 0.75 | 4.04 | 0.62 | −0.14 | −2.07(366) a | 0.20 | 0.08 |
| 2.22 | 0.89 | 2.27 | 0.89 | −0.04 | −0.52(366) | 0.301 | 0.07 |
| 3.79 | 0.84 | 3.85 | 0.77 | −0.05 | −0.70(366) | 0.240 | 0.15 |
Independent Variable | Dependent Variable | Mediator | β | SE | 95% CI | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Inf | Sup | ||||||
Women | |||||||
Direct effects | |||||||
SEE | Competence Satisfaction | 0.25 ** | 0.10 | 0.03 | 0.45 | ||
Competence Satisfaction | Life Satisfaction | 0.38 ** | 0.13 | 0.25 | 0.77 | ||
Indirect effects | |||||||
SEE | Life Satisfaction | Competence Satisfaction | 0.13 ** | 0.06 | 0.01 | 0.25 | |
Men | |||||||
Direct effects | |||||||
SEE | Competence Satisfaction | 0.53 * | 0.08 | 0.37 | 0.68 | ||
SEE | Competence Frustration | −0.24 ** | 0.07 | 0.40 | 0.09 | ||
SEE | Life Satisfaction | 0.12 ** | 0.09 | −0.08 | 0.29 | ||
Competence Satisfaction | Life Satisfaction | 0.33 ** | 0.06 | 0.31 | 0.47 | ||
Indirect effects | |||||||
SEE | Life Satisfaction | Competence Satisfaction | 0.19 ** | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.30 |
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López-García, G.D.; Carrasco-Poyatos, M.; López-Osca, R.; Granero-Gallegos, A. Influence of Teaching Efficacy and Competence on Life Satisfaction in Pre-Service Physical Education Teachers: Is There a Gender Difference? Healthcare 2025, 13, 2055. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13162055
López-García GD, Carrasco-Poyatos M, López-Osca R, Granero-Gallegos A. Influence of Teaching Efficacy and Competence on Life Satisfaction in Pre-Service Physical Education Teachers: Is There a Gender Difference? Healthcare. 2025; 13(16):2055. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13162055
Chicago/Turabian StyleLópez-García, Ginés David, María Carrasco-Poyatos, Rut López-Osca, and Antonio Granero-Gallegos. 2025. "Influence of Teaching Efficacy and Competence on Life Satisfaction in Pre-Service Physical Education Teachers: Is There a Gender Difference?" Healthcare 13, no. 16: 2055. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13162055
APA StyleLópez-García, G. D., Carrasco-Poyatos, M., López-Osca, R., & Granero-Gallegos, A. (2025). Influence of Teaching Efficacy and Competence on Life Satisfaction in Pre-Service Physical Education Teachers: Is There a Gender Difference? Healthcare, 13(16), 2055. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13162055