Histological, Physiological and Transcriptomic Analysis Reveal Gibberellin-Induced Axillary Meristem Formation in Garlic (Allium sativum)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Injection of GA3 Promotes Axillary Meristem Formation of Garlic
2.2. Impact of Injection of GA3 on Plant Hormone Level in Garlic Stems
2.3. Effect of GA3 Treatment on Sugars and Soluble Protein Content in Garlic Stems
2.4. Transcriptome Analysis
2.5. Dynamic Expression of AsGA20ox, AsAUX, AsCYP735, AsAHK, AsBGLU31 and AsINV
2.6. Principal Component Analysis (PCA)
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Plant Materials, GA3 Treatment and Growth Conditions
4.2. Histology of Axillary Meristem and Axillary Bud
4.3. Assessment of Endogenous Plant Hormone Levels
4.4. Evaluation of Sugars Content and Soluble Protein Content
4.5. Transcriptome Analysis
4.6. Quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR) Validation of Gene Expression Levels
4.7. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Name | Raw Reads | Clean Reads | Clean Bases | Error Rate (%) | Q20 (%) | Q30 (%) | GC Content (%) | Total Mapped |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control-1 | 84,276,914 | 83,119,412 | 12.47G | 0.01 | 97.69 | 94.11 | 43.53 | 63,037,528 (75.84%) |
Control-2 | 76,333,542 | 73,699,374 | 11.05G | 0.02 | 96.86 | 92.24 | 43.05 | 56,814,448 (77.09%) |
Control-3 | 83,928,404 | 82,410,306 | 12.36G | 0.01 | 98.1 | 95.1 | 42.8 | 64,086,848 (77.77%) |
GA3-1 | 83,633,550 | 82,546,464 | 12.38G | 0.01 | 97.78 | 94.28 | 43.34 | 64,036,932 (77.58%) |
GA3-2 | 83,869,612 | 82,222,794 | 12.33G | 0.01 | 98.14 | 95.19 | 42.92 | 63,589,684 (77.34%) |
GA3-3 | 91,727,804 | 90,117,508 | 13.52G | 0.01 | 98.16 | 95.22 | 43.05 | 69,904,142 (77.57%) |
Unigene ID | FPKM | Log2FC | Swissport Annotation | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Control | GA3 Treatment | |||
Cluster-32430.71391 | 0.86 ± 0.09 | 0.02 ± 0.05 | −4.84 | Gibberellin 20 oxidase 2 (GA20ox2) |
Cluster-32430.95397 | 2.58 ± 0.84 | 2.84 ± 0.91 | −0.14 | Transcription factor PIF4 (PIF4) |
Cluster-15446.0 | 0 ± 0 | 0.3 ± 0.27 | 4.91 | Cytokinin hydroxylase (CYP735) |
Cluster-32430.98625 | 0.06 ± 0.12 | 0.44 ± 0.23 | 2.73 | Histidine kinase (AHK) |
Cluster-32430.172148 | 13.41 ± 10.43 | 6.24 ± 2.01 | −1.10 | Auxin-induced protein (AUX) |
Cluster-32430.118133 | 6.41 ± 1.07 | 5.11 ± 1.08 | −0.33 | Auxin response factor 19 (ARF19) |
Cluster-32430.143582 | 16.9 ± 5.27 | 26.5 ± 13.78 | 0.78 | 6(G)-fructosyltransferase (INV) |
Cluster-32430.190012 | 1.4 ± 0.15 | 0.23 ± 0.36 | −2.51 | Beta-glucosidase 31 (BGLU31) |
Cluster-32430.4608 | 1.47 ± 0.76 | 0 ± 0 | −12.71 | Beta-glucosidase 25 (BGLU25) |
Cluster-32430.132754 | 0.17 ± 0.15 | 0.74 ± 0.09 | 2.21 | 1,4-alpha-glucan-branching enzyme 3 (GBE3) |
Cluster-49254.0 | 0.43 ± 0.12 | 0.32 ± 0.11 | −0.42 | WUSCHEL-related homeobox 3 (WOX3) |
Cluster-32430.173042 | 5.86 ± 2.84 | 4.07 ± 1.12 | −0.53 | WUSCHEL-related homeobox 10 (WOX10) |
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Liu, H.; Wen, Y.; Cui, M.; Qi, X.; Deng, R.; Gao, J.; Cheng, Z. Histological, Physiological and Transcriptomic Analysis Reveal Gibberellin-Induced Axillary Meristem Formation in Garlic (Allium sativum). Plants 2020, 9, 970. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9080970
Liu H, Wen Y, Cui M, Qi X, Deng R, Gao J, Cheng Z. Histological, Physiological and Transcriptomic Analysis Reveal Gibberellin-Induced Axillary Meristem Formation in Garlic (Allium sativum). Plants. 2020; 9(8):970. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9080970
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Hongjiu, Yanbin Wen, Mingming Cui, Xiaofang Qi, Rui Deng, Jingcao Gao, and Zhihui Cheng. 2020. "Histological, Physiological and Transcriptomic Analysis Reveal Gibberellin-Induced Axillary Meristem Formation in Garlic (Allium sativum)" Plants 9, no. 8: 970. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9080970