Salycilic Acid Induces Exudation of Crocin and Phenolics in Saffron Suspension-Cultured Cells
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Cell Suspension Culture and SA Effects on Cell Growth
2.2. Analysis of Crocetin Esters and PC Profile Following the Imposition of SA
2.3. SA Effect on Subcellular Compartmentalization
2.4. Optimization of the Elicitation Time and Harvest Time for Metabolite Productions
2.5. Antioxidant Activity of Saffron Cell Culture Extracts
2.6. Effects of Saffron Cell Suspension Extract on Breast Cancer Cells
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Establishment of Cell Suspension Cultures and SA Treatment
4.2. Extraction of Crocins from Cells
4.3. Extraction of Crocins and Phenolic Compounds from the Spent Medium of Suspension Cultures
4.4. Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Cells
4.5. Total Phenolic Content
4.6. HPLC-DAD Analysis
4.7. Protoplasts Preparation, Transformation, and Analysis
4.8. Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC) Assay
4.9. Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) Assay
4.10. 1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) Radical Scavenging Assay
4.11. MTT Assay
4.12. Data Acquisition and Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample | I% | IC 50 (µg mL−1) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
20 µg mL−1 | 30 µg mL−1 | 40 µg mL−1 | 50 µg mL−1 | ||
Ascorbic acid | 66 | 81.66 | 90.33 | 97.66 | 6.79 |
0.1 mock | 26.13 | 33.16 | 41.62 | 49.83 | 55.41 |
0.5 mock | 27.72 | 34.92 | 41.59 | 48.91 | 54.19 |
1 mock | 29.72 | 37.49 | 43.10 | 51.51 | 49.37 |
0.1 SA | 39.19 | 56.06 | 73.23 | 85.13 | 19.47 |
0.5 SA | 26.53 | 39.58 | 58.51 | 81.53 | 31.25 |
1 SA | 19.31 | 30.68 | 50.65 | 72.79 | 42.77 |
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Moradi, A.; Zarinkamar, F.; De Domenico, S.; Mita, G.; Di Sansebastiano, G.P.; Caretto, S. Salycilic Acid Induces Exudation of Crocin and Phenolics in Saffron Suspension-Cultured Cells. Plants 2020, 9, 949. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9080949
Moradi A, Zarinkamar F, De Domenico S, Mita G, Di Sansebastiano GP, Caretto S. Salycilic Acid Induces Exudation of Crocin and Phenolics in Saffron Suspension-Cultured Cells. Plants. 2020; 9(8):949. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9080949
Chicago/Turabian StyleMoradi, Azar, Fatemeh Zarinkamar, Stefania De Domenico, Giovanni Mita, Gian Pietro Di Sansebastiano, and Sofia Caretto. 2020. "Salycilic Acid Induces Exudation of Crocin and Phenolics in Saffron Suspension-Cultured Cells" Plants 9, no. 8: 949. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9080949