Monitoring the Water Quality of Small Water Bodies Using High-Resolution Remote Sensing Data

Remotely sensed data can reinforce the abilities of water resources researchers and decision-makers to monitor water quality more effectively. In the past few decades, remote sensing techniques have been widely used to measure qualitative water quality parameters. However, the use of moderate resolution sensors may not meet the requirements for monitoring small water bodies. Water quality in a small dam was assessed using high-resolution satellite data from RapidEye and in situ measurements collected a few days apart. The satellite carries a five-band multispectral optical imager with a ground sampling distance of 5 m at its nadir and a swath width of 80 km. Several different algorithms were evaluated using Pearson correlation coefficients for electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved soils (TDS), water transparency, water turbidity, depth, suspended particular matter (SPM), and chlorophyll-a. The results indicate strong correlation between the investigated parameters and RapidEye reflectance, especially in the red and red-edge portion with highest correlation between red-edge band and water turbidity (r² = 0.92). Two of the investigated indices showed good correlation in almost all of the water quality parameters with correlation higher than 0.80. The findings of this study emphasize the use of both high-resolution remote sensing imagery and red-edge portion of the electromagnetic spectrum for monitoring several water quality parameters in small water areas.