Achieving ‘Active’ 30 Minute Cities: How Feasible Is It to Reach Work within 30 Minutes Using Active Transport Modes?
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Private Motor Vehicle Useage and Active Transportation
1.2. Benefits of Active Transportation
1.3. Using Policy Initiatives to Shift to Compact Mixed-Use Developments with Public Transport
1.4. Bringing Jobs Closer to Where People Live
1.5. Evidence-Informed Planning and the Use of Accessibility Indicators
1.6. Potential Indicators to Measure Access to Employment and the 30 Minute City
2. Method
2.1. Data and Method Used to Create the Indicators
2.2. Baseline and Mode Shift
2.3. Job-Worker Shift
3. Results
3.1. Transport Modes Used for Commuting by Region
3.2. Calibrating 30 Minute Commuting Times Using VISTA
3.3. Examining the Time Distributions of the Indicators
3.4. What Percent of People Could Reach Their Current Workplace within 30 min If They Shifted Mode?
3.5. What Percentage of People Could Reach Work within 30 min If They Could Shift Jobs or Moved Closer to Their Work?
4. Discussion
4.1. Mode Shift
4.2. Job-Worker Shift
4.3. Population Shifts to More Active Forms of Transport
4.4. Strengths and Limitations
4.5. Where to Next?
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Region | Working Population | Percentage of Workers Commuting by Transport Mode | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Walk | Cycle | PT | Drive | ||
Australia | |||||
21 cities | 6,890,287 | 2.8 | 1.1 | 16.8 | 79.3 |
Capital Cities | |||||
Sydney, New South Wales | 1,854,673 | 3.8 | 0.7 | 27.5 | 68.1 |
Melbourne, Victoria | 1,711,476 | 2.7 | 1.5 | 19.0 | 76.8 |
Brisbane, Queensland | 854,231 | 2.5 | 1.1 | 14.2 | 82.1 |
Perth, Western Australia | 728,450 | 1.8 | 1.0 | 12.7 | 84.6 |
Adelaide, South Australia | 466,545 | 1.9 | 1.1 | 10.8 | 86.2 |
Canberra, Australian Capital Territory | 166,704 | 3.7 | 2.8 | 8.5 | 85.1 |
Hobart, Tasmania | 76,670 | 5.2 | 1.2 | 6.4 | 87.3 |
Darwin, Northern Territory | 58,418 | 3.6 | 2.3 | 7.9 | 86.3 |
Large Regional Cities | |||||
Gold Coast, Queensland | 221,118 | 2.4 | 0.8 | 4.8 | 92.0 |
Newcastle, New South Wales | 161,510 | 2.1 | 0.8 | 3.0 | 94.1 |
Sunshine Coast, Queensland | 99,793 | 2.5 | 0.8 | 2.7 | 94.1 |
Wollongong, New South Wales | 98,259 | 2.5 | 0.3 | 7.6 | 89.6 |
Geelong, Victoria | 86,678 | 2.4 | 0.7 | 6.5 | 90.4 |
Townsville, Queensland | 65,134 | 1.8 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 95.1 |
Cairns, Queensland | 53,819 | 3.2 | 2.0 | 2.7 | 92.1 |
Toowoomba, Queensland | 46,419 | 2.5 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 96.3 |
Ballarat, Victoria | 34,431 | 2.8 | 0.7 | 3.7 | 92.8 |
Bendigo, Victoria | 32,770 | 2.7 | 0.7 | 2.1 | 94.5 |
Mackay, Queensland | 29,684 | 1.9 | 0.9 | 2.5 | 94.6 |
Launceston, Tasmania | 28,771 | 4.3 | 0.6 | 1.7 | 93.5 |
Albury Wodonga, Victoria | 14,734 | 3.6 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 95.3 |
Mode | Time (mins) | Distance Traveled (km) | Speed (km/h) 1,2 | Distance (km) Traveled in 30 min |
---|---|---|---|---|
Walking | 12.11 | 0.86 | 4.54 | 2.27 |
Cycling | 30.16 | 6.60 | 13.10 | 6.55 |
Public transport | 59.32 | 20.09 | 0.51 d + 8.78 | 5.89 |
Driving | 28.81 | 15.66 | 0.70 d + 20.17 | 15.48 |
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Both, A.; Gunn, L.; Higgs, C.; Davern, M.; Jafari, A.; Boulange, C.; Giles-Corti, B. Achieving ‘Active’ 30 Minute Cities: How Feasible Is It to Reach Work within 30 Minutes Using Active Transport Modes? ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf. 2022, 11, 58. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11010058
Both A, Gunn L, Higgs C, Davern M, Jafari A, Boulange C, Giles-Corti B. Achieving ‘Active’ 30 Minute Cities: How Feasible Is It to Reach Work within 30 Minutes Using Active Transport Modes? ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information. 2022; 11(1):58. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11010058
Chicago/Turabian StyleBoth, Alan, Lucy Gunn, Carl Higgs, Melanie Davern, Afshin Jafari, Claire Boulange, and Billie Giles-Corti. 2022. "Achieving ‘Active’ 30 Minute Cities: How Feasible Is It to Reach Work within 30 Minutes Using Active Transport Modes?" ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 11, no. 1: 58. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11010058