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Article

Ground-Moving Target Relocation for a Lightweight Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-Borne Radar System Based on Doppler Beam Sharpening Image Registration

by
Wencheng Liu
1,2,
Zhen Chen
1,2,
Zhiyu Jiang
1,2,
Yanlei Li
1,
Yunlong Liu
1,
Xiangxi Bu
1 and
Xingdong Liang
1,*
1
National Key Laboratory of Microwave Imaging, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
2
School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Electronics 2025, 14(9), 1760; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14091760
Submission received: 31 March 2025 / Revised: 19 April 2025 / Accepted: 22 April 2025 / Published: 25 April 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Challenges in Remote Sensing Image Processing)
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Abstract

With the rapid development of lightweight unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), the combination of UAVs and ground-moving target indication (GMTI) radar systems has received great interest. However, because of size, weight, and power (SWaP) limitations, the UAV may not be able to equip a highly accurate inertial navigation system (INS), which leads to reduced accuracy in the moving target relocation. To solve this issue, we propose using an image registration algorithm, which matches a Doppler beam sharpening (DBS) image of detected moving targets to a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image containing coordinate information. However, when using conventional SAR image registration algorithms such as the SAR scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) algorithm, additional difficulties arise. To overcome these difficulties, we developed a new image-matching algorithm, which first estimates the errors of the UAV platform to compensate for geometric distortions in the DBS image. In addition, to showcase the relocation improvement achieved with the new algorithm, we compared it with the affine transformation and second-order polynomial algorithms. The findings of simulated and real-world experiments demonstrate that our proposed image transformation method offers better moving target relocation results under low-accuracy INS conditions.
Keywords: ground-moving target indication (GMTI); moving target relocation; Doppler beam sharpening (DBS) image; image registration; scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT); unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) ground-moving target indication (GMTI); moving target relocation; Doppler beam sharpening (DBS) image; image registration; scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT); unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)

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MDPI and ACS Style

Liu, W.; Chen, Z.; Jiang, Z.; Li, Y.; Liu, Y.; Bu, X.; Liang, X. Ground-Moving Target Relocation for a Lightweight Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-Borne Radar System Based on Doppler Beam Sharpening Image Registration. Electronics 2025, 14, 1760. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14091760

AMA Style

Liu W, Chen Z, Jiang Z, Li Y, Liu Y, Bu X, Liang X. Ground-Moving Target Relocation for a Lightweight Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-Borne Radar System Based on Doppler Beam Sharpening Image Registration. Electronics. 2025; 14(9):1760. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14091760

Chicago/Turabian Style

Liu, Wencheng, Zhen Chen, Zhiyu Jiang, Yanlei Li, Yunlong Liu, Xiangxi Bu, and Xingdong Liang. 2025. "Ground-Moving Target Relocation for a Lightweight Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-Borne Radar System Based on Doppler Beam Sharpening Image Registration" Electronics 14, no. 9: 1760. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14091760

APA Style

Liu, W., Chen, Z., Jiang, Z., Li, Y., Liu, Y., Bu, X., & Liang, X. (2025). Ground-Moving Target Relocation for a Lightweight Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-Borne Radar System Based on Doppler Beam Sharpening Image Registration. Electronics, 14(9), 1760. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14091760

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