Cosmetics 2018, 5(4), 67; https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics5040067
Evaluation of the Transepidermal Penetration of a Carnosine Complex in Gel Formulation by 3D Skin Models
Valeria Dissette 1
, Carlo Alberto Bignozzi 3, Giuseppe Valacchi 2, Alessandra Pecorelli 2, Stefano Manfredini 1,*
and Silvia Vertuani 1
, Carlo Alberto Bignozzi 3, Giuseppe Valacchi 2, Alessandra Pecorelli 2, Stefano Manfredini 1,*
and Silvia Vertuani 1
1
Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Master Course in Cosmetic Science and Technology (COSMAST), University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
2
Department of Animal Science, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Caroline State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
3
Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Ferrara Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Received: 12 September 2018 / Revised: 3 November 2018 / Accepted: 3 November 2018 / Published: 14 November 2018
Abstract
Carnosine has several physiological roles, from intracellular pH buffering to antioxidant activities, which all depend on bioavailability. This study was conducted in a human skin 3D model and focuses on the effects of the topical delivery of carnosine, from a dermo-cosmetic gel, through the stratum corneum in the presence of a magnesium ion as a complexing agent. To evaluate possible enhancement for small peptide delivery to the skin from simple cosmetic formulations, we discovered that complexation was able to improve the delivery of carnosine into human skin 3D models by application in gel formulation. The concentrations of carnosine released in the underlying media and those that remained in the reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) tissues after 24 and 48 h exposure were measured. Moreover, the influence of magnesium ions was also evaluated comparing the same formulation with and without the salt. The results obtained in this study support hypothesis that magnesium can influence the delivery of small peptides and that the gel formulation based on the carnosine-magnesium complex allows for superior delivery of carnosine in the lower skin layer at a concentration up to 60% more than carnosine alone. View Full-TextKeywords:
carnosine; complexation; dermo-cosmetic formulation; topical delivery
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Dissette, V.; Bignozzi, C.A.; Valacchi, G.; Pecorelli, A.; Manfredini, S.; Vertuani, S. Evaluation of the Transepidermal Penetration of a Carnosine Complex in Gel Formulation by 3D Skin Models. Cosmetics 2018, 5, 67.
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