The Influence of Sexual Behavior and Demographic Characteristics in the Expression of HPV-Related Biomarkers in a Colposcopy Population of Reproductive Age Greek Women
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Population—Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria
2.2. Study Protocol
- HPV DNA genotyping (CLART-2 HPV test® (Genomica, Madrid, Spain))
- Detection of E6/E7 mRNA from the 14 high-risk HPV types (APTIMA® HPV Assay, (Hologic, Marlborough, MA, USA)).
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Demographic Data
3.2. Factors Related to HPV DNA
3.2.1. Univariate Analysis
3.2.2. Multivariate Analysis
3.3. Factors Related to HPV mRNA Positivity
3.3.1. Univariate Analysis
3.3.2. Multivariate Analysis
3.4. Performance in Comparison to Histological Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristic | Value |
---|---|
Total population in the study (N) | 336 |
Age (mean ± SD, minimum, maximum) | 28.8 ± 6.3, 18–48 |
Smoking (N, %) | 124 (36.9%) |
Parities (mean ± SD, minimum, maximum) | 0.16 ± 0.57, 0–3 |
HPV vaccination (N,%) | 116 (34.52%) |
Cervarix | 22 (18.97%) |
Gardasil | 94 (81.03%) |
Lifetime number of sexual partners (mean ± SD, minimum, maximum) | 6.0 ± 4.9, 1–30 |
Percentage of condom use (mean ± SD, minimum, maximum) | 29.8% ± 32.1%, 0–100% |
Change of sexual partner during the last year (N, %) | 56 (16.7%) |
Test Papanicolaou results (N, %) | |
NILM | 156 (46.4%) |
LSIL (includes HPV) | 132 (39.3%) |
ASCUS | 40 (11.9%) |
HSIL | 8 (2.4%) |
Colposcopy results (N, %) | |
Negative colposcopy—Adequate/Normal colposcopic findings | 126 (37.5%) |
LSIL (includes HPV) | 204 (60.7%) |
HSIL | 6 (1.8%) |
Histology results (N, %) | |
Unavailable (No histological specimen obtained) * | 116 (34.5%) |
Normal (Negative histology) | 42 (12.5%) |
LSIL (includes HPV) | 170 (50.6%) |
HSIL | 8 (2.4%) |
Ca | 0 |
HPV DNA result (N, %) | |
Negative | 184 (54.8%) |
Positive | 152 (45.2%) |
HPV mRNA result (N, %) | |
Negative | 244 (72.6%) |
Positive | 92 (27.4%) |
HPV DNA Positivity vs. Parameter Levels (N/%), HPV DNA Value in Rows | p | Odds Ratio (95%CI) | HPV mRNA Positivity vs. Parameter Levels (N/%), HPV mRNA Value in Rows | p | Odds Ratio (95%CI) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LBC 1 | Negative: NILM (118/64.1%), Positive: NILM (38/25%) | <0.0001 | NA | Negative: NILM (147/60.3%), Positive: NILM (9/9.8%) | <0.0001 | NA |
Negative: ASCUS (30/16.3%), Positive: ASCUS (10/6.6%) | Negative: ASCUS (34/13.9%), Positive: ASCUS (6/6.5%) | |||||
Negative: LSIL (36/19.6%), Positive: LSIL (96/63.2%) | Negative: LSIL (63/25.8%), Positive: LSIL (69/75%%) | |||||
Negative: HSIL (0/0%), Positive: HSIL (8/5.3%) | Negative: HSIL (0/0%), Positive: HSIL (8/8.7%) | |||||
Abnormal LBC | Negative: 66/35.9% Positive: 114/75% | <0.0001 | 5.4 (3.3–8.6) | Negative: 97/39.8% Positive: 83/90.2% | <0.0001 | 14.0 (6.7–29.1) |
LBC threshold | Negative: LSIL+ (36/19.6%) Positive: LSIL+ (104/68.4%), | <0.0001 | 8.9 (5.4–14.7) | |||
Colposcopic Severity Findings | Negative: Negative (122/66.3%), LSIL (62/33.6%), HSIL (0/0%) Positive: Negative (4/2.6%), LSIL (142/93.4%), HSIL (6/3.9%) | <0.0001 | NA | Negative: Negative (126/51.6%), LSIL (118/48.4%), HSIL (0/0%), Positive: Negative (0/0%), LSIL (86/93.5%), HSIL (6/6.5%) | <0.0001 | NA |
Abnormal colposcopy | Negative: 62/33.7% Positive: 148/97.4% | <0.0001 | 72.8 (25.8–205.8) | Negative: 118/48.3% Positive: 92/100% | <0.0001 | |
HPV mRNA positive | Negative: 4/2.2% Positive: 88/57.9% | <0.0001 | 61.9 (21.8–175.4) | See left column | ||
Lifetime Partners > 3 | Negative: 110/59.8% Positive: 112/73.7% | 0.0074 | 1.9 (1.2–3.0) | Negative: 152/62.3% Positive: 70/76.1% | 0.0173 | 1.9 (1.3–3.3) |
Partner change during last year | Negative: 22/12% Positive: 34/22.4% | 0.0108 | 2.1 (1.2–3.8) | Negative: 40/16.4% Positive: 16/17.4% | 0.0479 | 1.1 (0.6–2.0) |
Condom use | Negative: 74/40.2% Positive: 72/47.4% | 0.1881 | 1.3 (0.9–2.1) | Negative: 104/42.6% Positive: 42/45.7% | 0.2495 | 1.1 (0.7–1.8) |
Smoking | Negative: 82/44.6% Positive: 42/27.6% | 0.0014 | 0.5 (0.3–0.8) | Negative: 100/41% Positive: 24/26.1% | 6.367 | 0.5082 (0.3–0.7) |
HPV Vaccinated | Negative: 70/38% Positive: 46/30.3% | 0.1354 | 0.7 (0.4–1.1) | Negative: 94/38.5% Positive: 22/23.9% | 6.31 | 0.5 (0.3–0.7) |
Cytological and Histological Cut Off | ≥LSIL | ≥HSIL |
---|---|---|
Sensitivity | 71.8% | 100.0% |
Specificity | 87.5% | 87.8% |
PPV | 60.7% | 16.7% |
NPV | 92.1% | 100.0% |
FPR | 12.5% | 12.2% |
FNR | 28.2% | 0.0% |
OA | 84.2% | 88.1% |
Diagnostic Odds Ratio | 17.93 | NA |
Colposcopical and Histological Cut Off | ≥LSIL | ≥HSIL |
---|---|---|
Sensitivity | 69.0% | 75.0% |
Specificity | 83.0% | 100.0% |
PPV | 52.1% | 100.0% |
NPV | 90.9% | 99.4% |
FPR | 17.0% | 0.0% |
FNR | 31.0% | 25.0% |
OA | 80.1% | 99.4% |
Diagnostic Odds Ratio | 10.9 | NA |
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Valasoulis, G.; Pouliakis, A.; Michail, G.; Daponte, A.-I.; Galazios, G.; Panayiotides, I.G.; Daponte, A. The Influence of Sexual Behavior and Demographic Characteristics in the Expression of HPV-Related Biomarkers in a Colposcopy Population of Reproductive Age Greek Women. Biology 2021, 10, 713. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10080713
Valasoulis G, Pouliakis A, Michail G, Daponte A-I, Galazios G, Panayiotides IG, Daponte A. The Influence of Sexual Behavior and Demographic Characteristics in the Expression of HPV-Related Biomarkers in a Colposcopy Population of Reproductive Age Greek Women. Biology. 2021; 10(8):713. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10080713
Chicago/Turabian StyleValasoulis, George, Abraham Pouliakis, Georgios Michail, Athina-Ioanna Daponte, Georgios Galazios, Ioannis G. Panayiotides, and Alexandros Daponte. 2021. "The Influence of Sexual Behavior and Demographic Characteristics in the Expression of HPV-Related Biomarkers in a Colposcopy Population of Reproductive Age Greek Women" Biology 10, no. 8: 713. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10080713
APA StyleValasoulis, G., Pouliakis, A., Michail, G., Daponte, A. -I., Galazios, G., Panayiotides, I. G., & Daponte, A. (2021). The Influence of Sexual Behavior and Demographic Characteristics in the Expression of HPV-Related Biomarkers in a Colposcopy Population of Reproductive Age Greek Women. Biology, 10(8), 713. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10080713