Press-On Force Effect on the Efficiency of Composite Restorations Final Polishing—Preliminary In Vitro Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- The increased press-on force affects the composite roughness.
- The pressure force of 2N is the most optimal for polishing.
- The composite materials with different filler diameters require a different pressure force.
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials Used in the Study
2.2. Specimen Preparation
2.3. Finishing Procedures
2.4. Roughness Evaluation
- Ra—arithmetic mean deviation of the profile from the mean line, measured along with the measuring or elementary section
- Rq—mean square deviation of the profile from the mean line along the measurement or elementary section
- Rz—roughness height from the mean line along the measuring or elementary section
- Rt—total profile height.
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
- The higher-pressure force of the individual polishing discs may generate greater roughness of the composite material at each polishing stage.
- According to our findings, a force of 1 N seems to be much more favorable for polishing.
- A smaller difference in filler diameters in composite material can promote improved polishing.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Material (Manufacturer) | Type | Matrix | Average Particle Size | Filer Type | Filer Loading Vol % | Shade |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Boston (Arcona, Niemce, Poland) | microhybrid composite | organic Bis-GMA, UDMA, Bis-Ema, TEGDMA | 0.7–2 µm | Glass filler, Ba-Al-Si, Ba-Al-B-Si, silica | 78 | A2 |
Charisma Classic (Kulzer GmbH, Hanau, Germany) | microhybrid composite | Bis-GMA | 0.005–10 µm | Glass filler, Ba-Al-F, feldspar | 61 | A2 |
Composite Resin | Force | Only Light-Cured | 40 µm Bur | 80 µm Sof-Lex | 40 µm Sof-Lex | 20 µm + 10 µm Sof-Lex |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Boston | 1N | |||||
2N | ||||||
Charisma | 1N | |||||
2N |
Composite Resin | Boston | Charisma | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Force | 1 N | 2 N | 1 N | 2 N | |||||
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||
Ra [µm] | only light-cured | 0.644 | 0.365 | 0.644 | 0.365 | 0.484 | 0.072 | 0.484 | 0.072 |
40 µm bur | 0.939 | 0.184 | 1.097 | 0.218 | 0.960 | 0.274 | 1.185 | 0.620 | |
80 µm Sof-lex | 0.925 | 0.151 | 2.725 | 2.384 | 1.141 | 0.332 | 1.033 | 0.238 | |
40 µm Sof-lex | 1.668 | 0.909 | 2.110 | 1.348 | 1.611 | 1.545 | 1.843 | 0.755 | |
20 µm + 10 µm Sof-lex | 1.017 | 0.429 | 2.670 | 1.178 | 1.154 | 0.793 | 1.233 | 0.447 | |
Rq [µm] | only light-cured | 0.863 | 0.514 | 0.863 | 0.514 | 0.677 | 0.097 | 0.677 | 0.097 |
40 µm bur | 1.230 | 0.209 | 1.570 | 0.483 | 1.390 | 0.311 | 1.680 | 0.741 | |
80 µm Sof-lex | 1.175 | 0.199 | 3.300 | 2.732 | 1.477 | 0.404 | 1.483 | 0.448 | |
40 µm Sof-lex | 2.080 | 1.059 | 2.610 | 1.566 | 1.963 | 1.803 | 2.483 | 0.690 | |
20 µm + 10 µm Sof-lex | 1.252 | 0.436 | 3.323 | 1.409 | 1.464 | 1.001 | 1.650 | 0.750 | |
Rz [µm] | only light-cured | 12.580 | 9.685 | 12.580 | 9.685 | 21.680 | 4.009 | 21.680 | 4.009 |
40 µm bur | 20.773 | 7.919 | 32.820 | 20.034 | 41.263 | 10.386 | 69.923 | 76.428 | |
80 µm Sof-lex | 20.430 | 7.691 | 21.950 | 11.198 | 21.897 | 14.282 | 103.507 | 137.832 | |
40 µm Sof-lex | 20.553 | 3.232 | 20.843 | 8.289 | 22.403 | 10.532 | 98.427 | 109.443 | |
20 µm + 10 µm Sof-lex | 16.200 | 1.428 | 30.643 | 7.789 | 10.610 | 6.955 | 73.667 | 93.510 | |
Rt [µm] | only light-cured | 26.570 | 26.901 | 26.570 | 26.901 | 40.377 | 1.470 | 40.377 | 1.470 |
40 µm bur | 40.230 | 19.952 | 57.300 | 22.914 | 78.297 | 24.722 | 99.717 | 89.397 | |
80 µm Sof-lex | 51.430 | 23.827 | 41.357 | 23.331 | 33.383 | 21.447 | 153.943 | 199.767 | |
40 µm Sof-lex | 35.847 | 9.657 | 31.990 | 21.071 | 39.050 | 14.506 | 132.667 | 126.391 | |
20 µm + 10 µm Sof-lex | 39.640 | 4.384 | 49.997 | 16.016 | 20.043 | 10.612 | 94.657 | 110.706 |
All Samples | Boston | Charisma | |
---|---|---|---|
Ra | 0.575 | 0.318 | 0.985 |
Rq | 0.541 | 0.307 | 0.966 |
Rz | 0.431 | 0.827 | 0.336 |
Rt | 0.529 | 0.882 | 0.296 |
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Lehmann, A.; Nijakowski, K.; Potempa, N.; Sieradzki, P.; Król, M.; Czyż, O.; Radziszewska, A.; Surdacka, A. Press-On Force Effect on the Efficiency of Composite Restorations Final Polishing—Preliminary In Vitro Study. Coatings 2021, 11, 705. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11060705
Lehmann A, Nijakowski K, Potempa N, Sieradzki P, Król M, Czyż O, Radziszewska A, Surdacka A. Press-On Force Effect on the Efficiency of Composite Restorations Final Polishing—Preliminary In Vitro Study. Coatings. 2021; 11(6):705. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11060705
Chicago/Turabian StyleLehmann, Anna, Kacper Nijakowski, Natalia Potempa, Paweł Sieradzki, Mateusz Król, Olaf Czyż, Agnieszka Radziszewska, and Anna Surdacka. 2021. "Press-On Force Effect on the Efficiency of Composite Restorations Final Polishing—Preliminary In Vitro Study" Coatings 11, no. 6: 705. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11060705