Broccoli: A Multi-Faceted Vegetable for Health: An In-Depth Review of Its Nutritional Attributes, Antimicrobial Abilities, and Anti-inflammatory Properties
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Pharmaceutical Importance of Broccoli
2.1. Nutritional Source
2.2. Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Anticancer Potential of Broccoli
2.3. Antibacterial Properties
3. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | Properties | References |
---|---|---|
Rich in vitamins and minerals | Broccoli is a rich source of antioxidants, including vitamins C, K, and A. It also contains several important minerals, including potassium, calcium, and iron. These antioxidants help protect the body from oxidative stress and reduce inflammation. | [11,13] |
High in fiber | Broccoli is an excellent source of dietary fiber, which not only aids digestion but also promotes satiety and helps maintain a healthy digestive system. Dietary fiber has been associated with reduced inflammation in the body. | [13] |
Antioxidant properties | Broccoli is an excellent source of various antioxidants, such as vitamins C and E, β-carotene, and various flavonoids. It is known that antioxidants reduce the risk of developing chronic diseases, as they protect cells from damage caused by dangerous free radicals. | [13,14] |
Anti-cancer properties | The cruciferous family, which includes broccoli, is known for its possible anti-cancer properties. It contains glucosinolates, which the body can convert into substances that fight cancer. | [13,16] |
Heart health | Broccoli’s anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and fiber-rich properties support heart health. It can help lower cholesterol, maintain proper blood pressure, and promote cardiovascular health. | [17] |
Eye health | The high content of vitamin A and antioxidants in broccoli promotes eye health and may prevent age-related macular degeneration and cataracts. | [18] |
Immune system support | The vitamin C content of broccoli strengthens the immune system and promotes collagen production, wound healing, and iron absorption. Compounds such as indole-3-carbinol and diindolylmethane, both found in broccoli, have been shown to influence the immune system. These substances help regulate the immune response and reduce excessive inflammation. | [19] |
Bone health | Broccoli is an excellent source of calcium, which is essential for healthy bone growth and prevention of osteoporosis. It also contains vitamin K, which is crucial for maintaining healthy bones. | [20] |
Weight management | Broccoli is relatively low in calories but high in fiber, making it a filling food that can help with weight control and promote a healthy metabolism. | [21] |
Digestive health | The high fiber content of broccoli contributes to a healthy digestive system, ensures regular bowel movements, and promotes the growth of good microbes in the intestine. | [22] |
Bioactive Compounds | Properties | References |
---|---|---|
Sulforaphane | Sulforaphane is a ubiquitous sulfur-containing compound found in broccoli. It has been shown to provide significant health benefits. It has potent anti-inflammatory properties. Studies have shown that sulforaphane can inhibit the production of inflammatory substances and reduce inflammatory markers. | [23,24,25] |
Sulforaphane, indole-3-carbinol, isothiocyanates, and flavonoids | Broccoli is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that protect the body from oxidative stress and inflammation: promoting heart health, supporting digestion and bone health. The compounds sulforaphane, indole-3-carbinol, isothiocyanates, and flavonoids have anti-inflammatory properties and can help reduce the production of pro-inflammatory molecules such as cytokines and prostaglandins. | [26] |
Sulforaphane | Sulforaphane has been shown to influence the activity of immune cells involved in inflammation, such as macrophages and lymphocytes. Its potential as a natural immunomodulatory molecule is highlighted by the fact that sulforaphane has the ability to influence the activity of immune cells involved in inflammation. It can regulate the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), by immune cells, thereby reducing inflammation. | [27,28] |
Quercetin | Quercetin is a potent antioxidant flavonoid found in broccoli. It is a plant pigment. Broccoli extract can modulate several signaling pathways involved in inflammation, such as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). These signaling pathways play a critical role in the expression of genes involved in inflammation. By regulating these signaling pathways, broccoli extract contributes to the control of the inflammatory response. | [29] |
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Syed, R.U.; Moni, S.S.; Break, M.K.B.; Khojali, W.M.A.; Jafar, M.; Alshammari, M.D.; Abdelsalam, K.; Taymour, S.; Alreshidi, K.S.M.; Elhassan Taha, M.M.; et al. Broccoli: A Multi-Faceted Vegetable for Health: An In-Depth Review of Its Nutritional Attributes, Antimicrobial Abilities, and Anti-inflammatory Properties. Antibiotics 2023, 12, 1157. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12071157
Syed RU, Moni SS, Break MKB, Khojali WMA, Jafar M, Alshammari MD, Abdelsalam K, Taymour S, Alreshidi KSM, Elhassan Taha MM, et al. Broccoli: A Multi-Faceted Vegetable for Health: An In-Depth Review of Its Nutritional Attributes, Antimicrobial Abilities, and Anti-inflammatory Properties. Antibiotics. 2023; 12(7):1157. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12071157
Chicago/Turabian StyleSyed, Rahamat Unissa, Sivakumar Sivagurunathan Moni, Mohammed Khaled Bin Break, Weam M. A. Khojali, Mohammed Jafar, Maali D. Alshammari, Karim Abdelsalam, Soha Taymour, Khetam Saad Mutni Alreshidi, Manal Mohamed Elhassan Taha, and et al. 2023. "Broccoli: A Multi-Faceted Vegetable for Health: An In-Depth Review of Its Nutritional Attributes, Antimicrobial Abilities, and Anti-inflammatory Properties" Antibiotics 12, no. 7: 1157. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12071157
APA StyleSyed, R. U., Moni, S. S., Break, M. K. B., Khojali, W. M. A., Jafar, M., Alshammari, M. D., Abdelsalam, K., Taymour, S., Alreshidi, K. S. M., Elhassan Taha, M. M., & Mohan, S. (2023). Broccoli: A Multi-Faceted Vegetable for Health: An In-Depth Review of Its Nutritional Attributes, Antimicrobial Abilities, and Anti-inflammatory Properties. Antibiotics, 12(7), 1157. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12071157