Controllable Hydrothermal Synthesis of 1D β-Ga2O3 for Solar-Blind Ultraviolet Photodetection

Mao, Lingfeng; Wang, Xiaoxuan; Huang, Chaoyang; Ma, Yi; Qin, Feifei; Lu, Wendong; Zhu, Gangyi; Shi, Zengliang; Cui, Qiannan; Xu, Chunxiang

doi:10.3390/nano15050402

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Controllable Hydrothermal Synthesis of 1D β-Ga₂O₃ for Solar-Blind Ultraviolet Photodetection

by

Lingfeng Mao

^1,†,

Xiaoxuan Wang

^1,*,†,

Chaoyang Huang

¹,

Yi Ma

¹,

Feifei Qin

²,

Wendong Lu

¹,

Gangyi Zhu

²,

Zengliang Shi

¹,

Qiannan Cui

¹ and

Chunxiang Xu

^1,*

¹

State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China

²

College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China

^*

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

^†

The authors contribute equally to this paper.

Nanomaterials 2025, 15(5), 402; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15050402

Submission received: 20 January 2025 / Revised: 21 February 2025 / Accepted: 4 March 2025 / Published: 6 March 2025

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Nanomaterials and Energetic Application: Experiment and Simulation)

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Abstract

Gallium oxide (Ga₂O₃), an ultrawide bandgap semiconductor, is an ideal material for solar-blind photodetectors, but challenges such as low responsivity and response speed persist. In this paper, one-dimensional (1D) Ga₂O₃ nanorods were designed to achieve high photodetection performance due to their effective light absorption and light field confinement. Through modulating source concentration, pH value, temperature, and reaction time, 1D β-Ga₂O₃ nanorods were controllably fabricated using a cost-effective hydrothermal method, followed by post-annealing. The nanorods had a diameter of ~500 nm, length from 0.5 to 3 μm, and structure from nanorods to spindles, indicating that different β-Ga₂O₃ nanorods can be utilized controllably through tuning reaction parameters. The 1D β-Ga₂O₃ nanorods with a high length-to-diameter ratio were chosen to construct metal-semiconductor-metal type photodetectors. These devices exhibited a high responsivity of 8.0 × 10⁻⁴ A/W and detectivity of 4.58 × 10⁹ Jones under 254 nm light irradiation. The findings highlighted the potential of 1D Ga₂O₃ nanostructures for high-performance solar-blind ultraviolet photodetectors, paving the way for future integrable deep ultraviolet optoelectronic devices.

Keywords: hydrothermal; controllable synthesis; 1D β-Ga₂O₃ nanorods; solar-blind ultraviolet; photodetector

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MDPI and ACS Style

Mao, L.; Wang, X.; Huang, C.; Ma, Y.; Qin, F.; Lu, W.; Zhu, G.; Shi, Z.; Cui, Q.; Xu, C. Controllable Hydrothermal Synthesis of 1D β-Ga₂O₃ for Solar-Blind Ultraviolet Photodetection. Nanomaterials 2025, 15, 402. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15050402

AMA Style

Mao L, Wang X, Huang C, Ma Y, Qin F, Lu W, Zhu G, Shi Z, Cui Q, Xu C. Controllable Hydrothermal Synthesis of 1D β-Ga₂O₃ for Solar-Blind Ultraviolet Photodetection. Nanomaterials. 2025; 15(5):402. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15050402

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mao, Lingfeng, Xiaoxuan Wang, Chaoyang Huang, Yi Ma, Feifei Qin, Wendong Lu, Gangyi Zhu, Zengliang Shi, Qiannan Cui, and Chunxiang Xu. 2025. "Controllable Hydrothermal Synthesis of 1D β-Ga₂O₃ for Solar-Blind Ultraviolet Photodetection" Nanomaterials 15, no. 5: 402. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15050402

APA Style

Mao, L., Wang, X., Huang, C., Ma, Y., Qin, F., Lu, W., Zhu, G., Shi, Z., Cui, Q., & Xu, C. (2025). Controllable Hydrothermal Synthesis of 1D β-Ga₂O₃ for Solar-Blind Ultraviolet Photodetection. Nanomaterials, 15(5), 402. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15050402

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Controllable Hydrothermal Synthesis of 1D β-Ga₂O₃ for Solar-Blind Ultraviolet Photodetection

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