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Volume 15
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10.3390/nano15030196
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Article

Cuttlefish-Bone-Derived Hybrid Composite Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering

by
Vignesh Raj Sivaperumal
1,
Sutha Sadhasivam
2,
Ramalingam Manikandan
3,
Ilanchezhiyan Pugazhendi
4,
Saravanan Sekar
5,
Youngmin Lee
4,6,
Sejoon Lee
4,6 and
Sankar Sekar
4,6,*
1
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan Engineering College (Autonomous), Perambalur 621 212, Tamil Nadu, India
2
Department of Chemistry, CMS College of Engineering, Ernapuram, Namakkal 637 003, Tamil Nadu, India
3
Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Madras, Chennai 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India
4
Quantum-Functional Semiconductor Research Center, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
5
Department of Mechanical Engineering, K. Ramakrishnan College of Technology, Trichy 621 112, Tamil Nadu, India
6
Division of System Semiconductor, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nanomaterials 2025, 15(3), 196; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15030196
Submission received: 9 December 2024 / Revised: 21 January 2025 / Accepted: 23 January 2025 / Published: 26 January 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomaterials in Analytical Methods for Biomedical, Environmental, and Energy Applications)
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Abstract

Current investigations into the fabrication of innovative biomaterials that stimulate cartilage development result from increasing interest due to emerging bone defects. In particular, the investigation of biomaterials for musculoskeletal therapies extensively depends on the development of various hydroxyapatite (HA)/sodium alginate (SA) composites. Cuttlefish bone (CFB)-derived composite scaffolds for hard tissue regeneration have been effectively illustrated in this investigation using a hydrothermal technique. In this, the HA was prepared from the CFB source without altering its biological properties. The as-developed HA nanocomposites were investigated through XRD, FTIR, SEM, and EDX analyses to confirm their structural, functional, and morphological orientation. The higher the interfacial density of the HA/SA nanocomposites, the more the hardness of the scaffold increased with the higher applied load. Furthermore, the HA/SA nanocomposite revealed a remarkable antibacterial activity against the bacterial strains such as E. coli and S. aureus through the inhibition zones measured as 18 mm and 20 mm, respectively. The results demonstrated a minor decrease in cell viability compared with the untreated culture, with an observed percentage of cell viability at 97.2% for the HA/SA nanocomposites. Hence, the proposed HA/SA scaffold would be an excellent alternative for tissue engineering applications.
Keywords: cuttlefish bone; hydrothermal; scaffolds; biocompatibility; hydroxyapatite cuttlefish bone; hydrothermal; scaffolds; biocompatibility; hydroxyapatite

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MDPI and ACS Style

Sivaperumal, V.R.; Sadhasivam, S.; Manikandan, R.; Pugazhendi, I.; Sekar, S.; Lee, Y.; Lee, S.; Sekar, S. Cuttlefish-Bone-Derived Hybrid Composite Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering. Nanomaterials 2025, 15, 196. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15030196

AMA Style

Sivaperumal VR, Sadhasivam S, Manikandan R, Pugazhendi I, Sekar S, Lee Y, Lee S, Sekar S. Cuttlefish-Bone-Derived Hybrid Composite Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering. Nanomaterials. 2025; 15(3):196. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15030196

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sivaperumal, Vignesh Raj, Sutha Sadhasivam, Ramalingam Manikandan, Ilanchezhiyan Pugazhendi, Saravanan Sekar, Youngmin Lee, Sejoon Lee, and Sankar Sekar. 2025. "Cuttlefish-Bone-Derived Hybrid Composite Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering" Nanomaterials 15, no. 3: 196. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15030196

APA Style

Sivaperumal, V. R., Sadhasivam, S., Manikandan, R., Pugazhendi, I., Sekar, S., Lee, Y., Lee, S., & Sekar, S. (2025). Cuttlefish-Bone-Derived Hybrid Composite Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering. Nanomaterials, 15(3), 196. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15030196

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