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Nanomaterials
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Review

Graphene Biosensors—A Molecular Approach

by
Mónica Machado
1,*,
Alexandra M. L. Oliveira
1,2,3,
Gabriela A. Silva
2,3,
Diogo B. Bitoque
2,3,
Joana Tavares Ferreira
4,5,
Luís Abegão Pinto
4,5 and
Quirina Ferreira
1,*
1
Instituto de Telecomunicações, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
2
iNOVA4Health, CEDOC Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
3
Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Nova Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
4
Ophthalmology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Norte, 1649-035 Lisbon, Portugal
5
Visual Sciences Study Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de Lisbon, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(10), 1624; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12101624
Submission received: 8 March 2022 / Revised: 2 May 2022 / Accepted: 4 May 2022 / Published: 10 May 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Graphene and Related 2D Materials)
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Abstract

Graphene is the material elected to study molecules and monolayers at the molecular scale due to its chemical stability and electrical properties. The invention of scanning tunneling microscopy has deepened our knowledge on molecular systems through imaging at an atomic resolution, and new possibilities have been investigated at this scale. Interest on studies on biomolecules has been demonstrated due to the possibility of mimicking biological systems, providing several applications in nanomedicine: drug delivery systems, biosensors, nanostructured scaffolds, and biodevices. A breakthrough came with the synthesis of molecular systems by stepwise methods with control at the atomic/molecular level. This article presents a review on self-assembled monolayers of biomolecules on top of graphite with applications in biodevices. Special attention is given to porphyrin systems adsorbed on top of graphite that are able to anchor other biomolecules.
Keywords: graphene; biomolecules; self-assembly; graphene-oxide; nanomedicine; biodevices graphene; biomolecules; self-assembly; graphene-oxide; nanomedicine; biodevices

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MDPI and ACS Style

Machado, M.; Oliveira, A.M.L.; Silva, G.A.; Bitoque, D.B.; Tavares Ferreira, J.; Pinto, L.A.; Ferreira, Q. Graphene Biosensors—A Molecular Approach. Nanomaterials 2022, 12, 1624. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12101624

AMA Style

Machado M, Oliveira AML, Silva GA, Bitoque DB, Tavares Ferreira J, Pinto LA, Ferreira Q. Graphene Biosensors—A Molecular Approach. Nanomaterials. 2022; 12(10):1624. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12101624

Chicago/Turabian Style

Machado, Mónica, Alexandra M. L. Oliveira, Gabriela A. Silva, Diogo B. Bitoque, Joana Tavares Ferreira, Luís Abegão Pinto, and Quirina Ferreira. 2022. "Graphene Biosensors—A Molecular Approach" Nanomaterials 12, no. 10: 1624. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12101624

APA Style

Machado, M., Oliveira, A. M. L., Silva, G. A., Bitoque, D. B., Tavares Ferreira, J., Pinto, L. A., & Ferreira, Q. (2022). Graphene Biosensors—A Molecular Approach. Nanomaterials, 12(10), 1624. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12101624

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